Part I PRELIMINARY

CHAPTER I THE NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY

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CHAPTER II COMMITTEES WITH FUNCTIONS IN RELATION TO THE AUTHORITY

Advisory committees

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^F88. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Flood defence committees

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^F1414. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER III GENERAL DUTIES

15 General duties with respect to the water industry.

(1)^M1It shall be the duty of the Agency[^F15and the NRBW^F15] , in exercising any of [^F16their^F16] powers under any enactment, to have particular regard to the duties imposed, by virtue of the provisions of Parts II to IV of the Water Industry Act 1991, on any water undertaker or sewerage undertaker which appears to the Agency[^F17or the NRBW, as the case may be,^F17] to be or to be likely to be affected by the exercise of the power in question.

(2)It shall be the duty of each of the Ministers, in exercising—

(a)^M2any power conferred by virtue of [^F18the 1995 Act,^F18] this Act, the Land Drainage Act 1991, the Water Industry Act 1991[^F19, the Water Act 1989 or the Natural Resources Body for Wales (Establishment) Order 2012 (S.I.2012/1903)^F19] in relation to, or to decisions of, the Agency[^F20or the NRBW^F20] ; or

(b)any power which, but for any direction given by one of the Ministers, would fall to be exercised by the Agency[^F20or the NRBW^F20] ,

to take into account the duty imposed on the Agency[^F21and the NRBW^F21] by subsection (1) above.

^F2216. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^F2317. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^F2418. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Part II Water Resources Management_cross-notes

CHAPTER I General Management Functions

19 General management of resources by the [^F25Agency.^F25]

(1)It shall be the duty of the [^F26Agency^F26] to take all such action as it may from time to time consider, in accordance (if any have been given for the purposes of this section) with the directions of the Secretary of State, to be necessary or expedient for the purpose—

(a)of conserving, redistributing or otherwise augmenting water resources in England and Wales; and

(b)of securing the proper use of water resources in England and Wales.

(2)^M3Nothing in this section shall be construed as relieving any water undertaker of the obligation to develop water resources for the purpose of performing any duty imposed on it by virtue of section 37 of the Water Industry Act 1991 (general duty to maintain water supply system).

20 Water resources management schemes.

(1)It shall be the duty of the [^F27appropriate agency^F27] so far as reasonably practicable to enter into and maintain such arrangements with water undertakers for securing the proper management or operation of—

(a)the waters which are available to be used by water undertakers for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of their functions; and

(b)any reservoirs, apparatus or other works which belong to, are operated by or are otherwise under the control of water undertakers for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of their functions,

as the [^F27appropriate agency^F27] from time to time considers appropriate for the purpose of carrying out its functions under section 6(2) [^F28or, as the case may be, section 6(2A)^F28] of the 1995 Act.

(2)Without prejudice to the power of the [^F27appropriate agency^F27] and any water undertaker to include any such provision as may be agreed between them in arrangements under this section, such arrangements may—

(a)make provision by virtue of subsection (1)(a) above with respect to the construction or installation of any reservoirs, apparatus or other works which will be used by the undertaker in the carrying out of its functions;

(b)contain provision requiring payments to be made by the [^F27appropriate agency^F27] to the undertaker; and

(c)require the reference to and determination by the Secretary of State or the [^F29Water Services Regulation Authority ^F29] of questions arising under the arrangements.

(3)^M4The [^F27appropriate agency^F27] shall send a copy of any arrangements entered into by it under this section to the Secretary of State; and the obligations of a water undertaker by virtue of any such arrangements shall be enforceable under section 18 of the Water Industry Act 1991 (enforcement orders) by the Secretary of State.

[^F3020AWater resources management schemes: other abstractors

(1)The [^F31appropriate agency^F31] may enter into and maintain such arrangements with holders of abstraction licences other than water undertakers for securing the proper management or operation of—

(a)the waters from which they have the right by virtue of their licences to abstract water; and

(b)any reservoirs, apparatus or other works which are used for the purposes of or in connection with their abstractions and which belong to them, are operated by them or are otherwise under their control,

as the [^F31appropriate agency^F31] from time to time considers appropriate for the purpose of carrying out its functions under section 6(2) [^F32or, as the case may be, section 6(2A)^F32] of the 1995 Act.

(2)Without prejudice to the power of the [^F31appropriate agency^F31] and any holder of an abstraction licence to include any such provision as may be agreed between them in arrangements under this section, such arrangements may—

(a)make provision by virtue of subsection (1)(a) above with respect to the construction or installation of any reservoirs, apparatus or other works which the holder of the licence will use for the purposes of or in connection with his abstraction;

(b)contain provision requiring payments to be made by the [^F31appropriate agency^F31] to the holder of the licence; and

(c)require the reference to and determination by the Secretary of State or the Water Services Regulation Authority of questions arising under the arrangements.

(3)The [^F31appropriate agency^F31] shall send a copy of any arrangements entered into by it under this section to the Secretary of State.

(4)In this section, references to abstraction licences are to licences under Chapter 2 of this Part to abstract water.^F30]

[^F3320BWater resources management schemes: referral to Secretary of State

(1)This section applies where—

(a)the [^F34appropriate agency^F34] has sought to enter into arrangements acceptable to it under section 20 or 20A above, but is satisfied that the other party is unwilling to enter into such arrangements or to do so on terms appearing to the [^F34appropriate agency^F34] to be reasonable; or

(b)having entered into such arrangements, the [^F34appropriate agency^F34] has sought to renew or vary them but is satisfied that the other party is unwilling to do so or to do so on terms appearing to the [^F34appropriate agency^F34] to be reasonable.

(2)Where this section applies, the [^F34appropriate agency^F34] may refer to the Secretary of State the question (as the case may be)—

(a)whether such arrangements should be entered into, and if so, on what terms; or

(b)whether the arrangements should be renewed or varied (as the case may be), and if so, on what terms.

(3)If the Secretary of State determines that arrangements should be entered into or (as the case may be) renewed or varied, such arrangements on the terms determined by the Secretary of State shall be enforceable—

(a)by civil proceedings by the Secretary of State for an injunction or for any other appropriate relief; and

(b)where the other party is a water undertaker, also under section 18 of the Water Industry Act 1991 (enforcement orders) by the Secretary of State.

(4)The functions of the Secretary of State under subsection (2) above shall be treated for the purposes of section 114 of the 1995 Act (delegation or reference of appeals) as if they were functions to which paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of that section applied.^F33]

[^F3520CProposals for bulk supply arrangements

(1)In the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2) below, the [^F36appropriate agency^F36] may, in carrying out its functions under section 6(2) [^F37or, as the case may be, section 6(2A)^F37] of the 1995 Act, propose to a qualifying person (within the meaning of section 40 of the Water Industry Act 1991) that he make an application under that section for a bulk supply of water from a water undertaker.

(2)The circumstances referred to in subsection (1) above are that it appears to the [^F36appropriate agency^F36] that such a bulk supply is necessary in order to secure the proper use of water resources.

(3)The [^F36appropriate agency^F36] shall not make such a proposal without first consulting the Water Services Regulation Authority.

(4)The [^F36appropriate agency^F36] may include in its proposal the period for which, and terms and conditions on which, the [^F36appropriate agency^F36] considers it appropriate that the bulk supply should be given.^F35]

21 Minimum acceptable flows.

(1)The [^F38appropriate agency^F38] may, if it thinks it appropriate to do so, submit a draft statement to the Secretary of State containing, in relation to any inland waters that are not discrete waters—

(a)provision for determining the minimum acceptable flow for those waters; or

(b)where any provision for determining such a flow is for the time being in force in relation to those waters, provision for amending that provision or for replacing it with different provision for determining the minimum acceptable flow for those waters.

(2)The provision contained in any statement for determining the minimum acceptable flow for any inland waters shall, in relation to the inland waters to which it relates, set out—

(a)the control points at which the flow in the waters is to be measured;

(b)the method of measurement which is to be used at each control point; and

(c)the flow which is to be the minimum acceptable flow at each control point or, where appropriate, the flows which are to be the minimum acceptable flows at each such point for the different times or periods specified in the statement.

(3)Before preparing so much of any draft statement under this section as relates to any particular inland waters, the [^F38appropriate agency^F38] shall consult—

[^F39(za)if those waters are in Wales and there are related inland waters in England, the Agency;

(zb)if those waters are in England and there are related inland waters in Wales, the NRBW;^F39]

(a)any water undertaker having the right to abstract water from those waters;

(b)any other water undertaker having the right to abstract water from any related underground strata;

(c)the drainage board for any internal drainage district from which water is discharged into those waters or in which any part of those waters is situated;

(d)any navigation authority, harbour authorityor conservancy authority having functions in relation to those waters or any related inland waters;

(e)^F40if those waters are ... situated in Wales (or in an area of the sea adjoining either the coast of Wales or an area of sea forming part of Wales) and they or any related inland waters are tidal waters in relation to which there is no such navigation authority, harbour authority or conservancy authority, [^F41the Secretary of State for Transport^F41] ; and

(f)^M5any person authorised by a licence under Part I of the Electricity Act 1989 to generate electricity [^F42who has a right to abstract water from those waters^F42] .

(4)In determining the flow to be specified in relation to any inland waters under subsection (2)(c) above, the [^F38appropriate agency^F38] shall have regard—

(a)to the flow of water in the inland waters from time to time;

(b)in the light of its duties under [^F43sections 6(1), 7 and 8 of the 1995 Act^F43] , to the character of the inland waters and their surroundings; and

(c)to any water quality objectives established under Chapter I of Part III of this Act in relation to the inland waters or any other inland waters which may be affected by the flow in the inland waters in question.

(5)The flow specified in relation to any inland waters under subsection (2)(c) above shall be not less than the minimum which, in the opinion of the [^F38appropriate agency^F38] , is needed for safeguarding the public health and for meeting (in respect of both quantity and quality of water)—

(a)the requirements of existing lawful uses of the inland waters, whether for agriculture, industry, water supply or other purposes; and

(b)the requirements, in relation to both those waters and other inland waters whose flow may be affected by changes in the flow of those waters, of navigation, fisheries or land drainage.

(6)The provisions of Schedule 5 to this Act shall have effect with respect to draft statements under this section and with respect to the approval of statements submitted as draft statements.

(7)The approval under Schedule 5 to this Act of a draft statement under this section shall bring into force, on the date specified in that approval, so much of that statement, as approved, as contains provision for determining, amending or replacing the minimum acceptable flow for any inland waters.

(8)For the purposes of subsection (3) above—

(a)underground strata are related underground strata in relation to any inland waters if—

(i)a water undertaker has a right to abstract water from the strata; and

(ii)it appears to the [^F38appropriate agency^F38] , having regard to the extent to which the level of water in the strata depends on the flow of those waters, that the exercise of that right may be substantially affected by so much of the draft statement in question as relates to those waters;

(b)inland waters are related inland waters in relation to any other inland waters, where it appears to the [^F38appropriate agency^F38] that changes in the flow of the other waters may affect the flow of the first-mentioned inland waters.

(9)For the purposes of subsection (5) above the [^F38appropriate agency^F38] shall be entitled (but shall not be bound) to treat as lawful any existing use of any inland waters unless—

(a)by a decision given in any legal proceedings, it has been held to be unlawful; and

(b)that decision has not been quashed or reversed;

^F44... .

[^F45(10)In subsection (5) above, the reference to land drainage includes—

(a)defence against water (including sea water), irrigation (other than spray irrigation), warping and the carrying on, for any purpose, of any other practice which involves management of the level of water in a watercourse; and

(b)the provision of flood warning systems.^F45]

22 Directions to the [^F46appropriate agency^F46] to consider minimum acceptable flow.

(1)If the [^F46appropriate agency^F46] is directed by the Secretary of State to consider whether the minimum acceptable flow for any particular inland waters ought to be determined or reviewed, the [^F46appropriate agency^F46] shall consider that matter as soon as reasonably practicable after being directed to do so.

(2)After considering any matter under subsection (1) above the [^F46appropriate agency^F46] shall submit to the Secretary of State with respect to the inland waters in question either—

(a)such a draft statement as is mentioned in subsection (1) of section 21 above; or

(b)a draft statement that no minimum acceptable flow ought to be determined for those waters or, as the case may require, that the minimum acceptable flow for those waters does not need to be changed.

and subsections (6) and (7) of that section shall apply in relation to a draft statement under this subsection as they apply in relation to a draft statement under that section.

(3)Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph 4 of Schedule 5 to this Act, the power of the Secretary of State under that paragraph to alter a draft statement before approving it shall include power to substitute a statement containing or amending any such provision as is mentioned in subsection (2) of section 21 above for such a draft statement as is mentioned in subsection (2)(b) of this section.

23 Minimum acceptable level or volume of inland waters._cross-notes

(1)Where it appears to the [^F47appropriate agency^F47] , in the case of any particular inland waters, that it would be appropriate to measure the level or the volume (either instead of or in addition to the flow) the [^F47appropriate agency^F47] may determine that sections 21 and 22 above shall apply in relation to those inland waters as if any reference to the flow were or, as the case may be, included a reference to the level or to the volume.

(2)Where the [^F47appropriate agency^F47] makes a determination under subsection (1) above with respect to any inland waters, any draft statement prepared for the purposes of section 21 or 22 above, in so far as it relates to those waters, shall state—

(a)whether the level or the volume is to be measured; and

(b)whether it is to be measured instead of, or in addition to, the flow.

(3)Chapter II of this Part shall apply in relation to any inland waters with respect to which a determination has been made under subsection (1) above as if any reference in that Chapter to the flow were, or (as the case may be) included, a reference to the level or, as the case may be, the volume.

Chapter II ABSTRACTION AND IMPOUNDING_cross-notes

Restrictions on abstraction and impounding

24 Restrictions on abstraction._cross-notes

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this Chapter and to any drought order[^F48or drought permit^F48] under Chapter III of this Part, no person shall—

(a)abstract water from any source of supply; or

(b)cause or permit any other person so to abstract any water,

except in pursuance of a licence under this Chapter granted by the [^F47appropriate agency^F47] and in accordance with the provisions of that licence.

(2)Where by virtue of subsection (1) above the abstraction of water contained in any underground strata is prohibited except in pursuance of a licence under this Chapter, no person shall begin, or cause or permit any other person to begin—

(a)to construct any well, borehole or other work by which water may be abstracted from those strata;

(b)to extend any such well, borehole or other work; or

(c)to instal or modify any machinery or apparatus by which additional quantities of water may be abstracted from those strata by means of a well, borehole or other work,

unless the conditions specified in subsection (3) below are satisfied.

(3)The conditions mentioned in subsection (2) above are—

(a)that the abstraction of the water or, as the case may be, of the additional quantities of water is authorised by a licence under this Chapter; and

(b)that—

(i)the well, borehole or work, as constructed or extended; or

(ii)the machinery or apparatus, as installed or modified,

fulfils the requirements of that licence as to the means by which water is authorised to be abstracted.

(4)A person shall be guilty of an offence if—

(a)he contravenes subsection (1) or (2) above; or

(b)he is for the purposes of this section the holder of a licence under this Chapter and, in circumstances not constituting such a contravention, does not comply with a condition or requirement imposed by the provisions, as for the time being in force, of that licence.

(5)A person who is guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable [^F49on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine^F49] .

(6)^M6The restrictions imposed by this section shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any enactment contained in any Act passed before the passing of the Water Resources Act 1963 on 31st July 1963 or in any statutory provision made or issued, whether before or after the passing of that Act, by virtue of such an enactment.

[^F5024AAbstraction licences

(1)Each licence to abstract water shall be of one of the following three types—

(a)a licence to abstract water from one source of supply over a period of twenty-eight days or more for any purpose (a “full licence”);

(b)a licence to abstract water from one source of supply over a period of twenty-eight days or more for the purpose of—

(i)transferring water to another source of supply; or

(ii)transferring water to the same source of supply, but at another point, in the course of dewatering activities in connection with mining, quarrying, engineering, building or other operations (whether underground or on the surface),

in either case without intervening use (a “transfer licence”);

(c)a licence to abstract water from one source of supply over a period of less than twenty-eight days (a “temporary licence”).

(2)In this Act, a reference (however expressed) to a licence to abstract water is to be taken as a reference to all types of licence, unless it is clear that a different meaning is intended.^F50]

25 Restrictions on impounding._cross-notes

[^F51(1)Subject to the following provisions of this Chapter and to any drought order or drought permit under Chapter 3 of this Part, no person shall—

(a)begin, or cause or permit any other person to begin, to construct or alter any impounding works at any point in any inland waters which are not discrete waters; or

(b)cause or permit the flow of any inland waters which are not discrete waters to be obstructed or impeded at any point by means of impounding works,

unless (in either case) the conditions mentioned in subsection (1A) below are satisfied.

(1A)The conditions are—

(a)a licence under this Chapter granted by the [^F52appropriate agency^F52] to obstruct or impede the flow of those inland waters at that point by means of impounding works is in force;

(b)the impounding works will not (or, as the case may be, do not) obstruct or impede the flow of the inland waters except to the extent, and in the manner, authorised by the licence; and

(c)any other conditions or requirements imposed by the provisions, as for the time being in force, of the licence (whether as to the provision of compensation water or otherwise) are complied with.^F51]

(2)A person shall be guilty of an offence if—

(a)he contravenes subsection (1) above; or

(b)^F53he is for the purposes of this section the holder of a licence under this Chapter and ... does not comply with a condition or requirement imposed by the provisions, as for the time being in force, of that licence.

(3)A person who is guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable [^F54on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine^F54] .

(4)^M7Subject to subsection (5) below, the restrictions imposed by this section shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any enactment contained in any Act passed before the passing of the Water Resources Act 1963 on 31st July 1963 or in any statutory provision made or issued, whether before or after the passing of that Act, by virtue of such an enactment.

(5)Subject to subsection (6) below, the restriction on impounding works[^F55shall not apply in respect of any impounding works^F55] , if—

(a)the construction or alteration of those works; or

(b)the obstruction or impeding of the flow of the inland waters resulting from the construction or alteration of the works,

is authorised (in whatsoever terms, and whether expressly or by implication) by virtue of any such statutory provision as at the coming into force of this Act was an alternative statutory provision for the purposes of section 36(2) of the Water Resources Act 1963.

(6)The provisions of this Chapter shall have effect in accordance with subsection (7) below where by virtue of any such provision as is mentioned in subsection (5) above and is for the time being in force—

(a)^M8,M9any water undertaker or sewerage undertaker to which rights under that provision have been transferred in accordance with a scheme under Schedule 2 to the Water Act 1989 or Schedule 2 to the Water Industry Act 1991; or

(b)any other person,

is authorised (in whatsoever terms, and whether expressly or by implication) to obstruct or impede the flow of any inland waters by means of impounding works (whether those works have already been constructed or not).

(7)Where subsection (6) above applies, the provisions of this Chapter shall have effect (with the necessary modifications), where the reference is to the revocation or variation of a licence under this Chapter, as if—

(a)any reference in those provisions to a licence under this Chapter included a reference to the authorisation mentioned in that subsection; and

(b)any reference to the holder of such a licence included a reference to the undertaker or other person so mentioned.

(8)In this Chapter “impounding works” means either of the following, that is to say—

(a)any dam, weir or other works in any inland waters by which water may be impounded;

(b)any works for diverting the flow of any inland waters in connection with the construction or alteration of any dam, weir or other works falling within paragraph (a) above.

[^F56(9)In relation to impounding works, references to alteration include the removal or partial removal of those works, and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly.^F56]

[^F5725AEnforcement notices_cross-notes

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this section, where it appears to the [^F58appropriate agency^F58] that a person is—

(a)in breach of section 24(1) or (2) or section 25(1) above; or

(b)for the purposes of section 24 or 25 above a holder of a licence under this Chapter and has not complied with a condition or requirement imposed by the provisions, as for the time being in force, of that licence,

the [^F58appropriate agency^F58] shall be entitled to serve an enforcement notice on him if the condition in subsection (2) below is satisfied.

(2)The condition is that it appears to the [^F58appropriate agency^F58] that the breach or failure to comply is causing or is likely to cause significant damage to the environment.

(3)An enforcement notice is a notice requiring the person on whom it is served—

(a)to cease his breach of section 24(1) or (2) or section 25(1) above, or to comply with the condition or requirement in question; and

(b)to carry out any works or operations specified in the notice.

(4)The works or operations which may be specified are works or operations which it appears to the [^F58appropriate agency^F58] are appropriate for the purpose of remedying or mitigating the effects of the breach or failure to comply, and may include—

(a)works or operations for the purpose, so far as it is reasonably practicable to do so, of restoring any affected waters, including any flora and fauna dependent on them, to their state immediately before the breach or failure to comply; and

(b)in the case of a breach of section 25(1) above, the removal of any unauthorised impounding works or the reversal of any unauthorised alteration to impounding works.

(5)An enforcement notice must specify the periods within which the person on whom it is served must do each of the things specified in the notice.

(6)Before serving an enforcement notice on any person, the [^F58appropriate agency^F58] shall take reasonable steps to consult that person about the works or operations which are to be specified in the notice.

(7)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for or in connection with—

(a)the form or content of enforcement notices;

(b)requirements for consultation, before the service of an enforcement notice, with persons other than the person upon whom the notice is to be served;

(c)steps to be taken for the purposes of any consultation required under subsection (6) above or regulations made by virtue of paragraph (b) above;

(d)any other steps of a procedural nature which are to be taken in connection with, or in consequence of, the service of an enforcement notice.

(8)An enforcement notice is not invalid, or invalidly served, merely because of a failure to comply with subsection (6) above or with regulations made by virtue of subsection (7)(b) above.

(9)The Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit in relation to any person, give directions to the [^F58appropriate agency^F58] as to whether or how it should exercise its powers under this section.

(10)In proceedings for any offence under section 24 or 25 above against a person upon whom an enforcement notice has been served, the following are not to be taken as evidence that he has committed the offence—

(a)the fact that an enforcement notice has been served on him;

(b)the fact that he does not appeal against it;

(c)the fact that on an appeal against it the notice is confirmed (whether with or without modifications).

25BRights of entry and appeals_cross-notes

Sections 161B and 161C below (including any power to make regulations) shall apply in relation to enforcement notices as they apply in relation to works notices under section 161A below.

25CConsequences of not complying with an enforcement notice_cross-notes

(1)If a person on whom the [^F59appropriate agency^F59] serves an enforcement notice fails to comply with any of its requirements, he shall be guilty of an offence.

(2)A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) above shall be liable [^F60on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine^F60].

(3)If a person on whom an enforcement notice has been served fails to comply with any of its requirements, the [^F59appropriate agency^F59] may do what that person was required to do and may recover from him any costs or expenses reasonably incurred by the [^F59appropriate agency^F59] in doing it.

(4)If the [^F59appropriate agency^F59] is of the opinion that proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) above would afford an ineffectual remedy against a person who has failed to comply with the requirements of an enforcement notice, the [^F59appropriate agency^F59] may take proceedings in the High Court for the purpose of securing compliance with the notice.^F57]

Rights to abstract or impound

[^F6126 Rights of navigation, harbour and conservancy authorities.

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, the restriction on abstraction shall not apply to any transfer, without intervening use, of water from inland waters described in the first column of the Table below to inland waters described in the corresponding entry in the second column, if the transfer is in the course of, or results from, any operations carried out by a navigation authority, harbour authority or conservancy authority in the carrying out of their functions as such an authority.

(2)Subsection (1) above shall not apply to a transfer of water from a water system to any inland waters outside that water system in order to—

(a)empty a dry dock; or

(b)introduce into those inland waters all or part of a quantity of water to be abstracted from any connected inland waters in pursuance of a licence to do so granted under this Chapter.

(3)The restriction on impounding works shall not apply to—

(a)the construction or alteration of impounding works; or

(b)the obstruction or impeding of inland waters by means of impounding works,

in the course of the performance by a navigation authority, harbour authority or conservancy authority of their functions as such an authority, unless the construction, alteration, obstruction or impeding affects any inland waters in relation to which the authority does not have functions.

(4)In this section, references to—

(a)an authority’s water system are to a water system in relation to which the authority has functions;

(b)an authority’s supply reservoir are to a reservoir—

(i)belonging to a navigation authority;

(ii)used for the purposes of supplying that navigation authority’s water system; and

(iii)which does not discharge to any inland waters other than that water system.

(5)For the purposes of this section, “water system” means the canals, the harbours, or the canals and harbours constituting the system in question—

(a)together with the locks, docks, balancing reservoirs, weirs and other works associated with the system (other than any supply reservoir as described in subsection (4)(b) above); but

(b)excluding any part of the system which consists of a navigable river or part of one.^F61]

[^F6227 Rights to abstract small quantities.

(1)The restriction on abstraction shall not apply to any abstraction of a quantity of water not exceeding twenty cubic metres in any period of twenty-four hours, if the abstraction does not form part of a continuous operation, or of a series of operations, by which a quantity of water which, in aggregate, is more than twenty cubic metres is abstracted during the period.

(2)In the case of any abstraction of water from underground strata which falls within subsection (1) above, the restriction imposed by section 24(2) above shall not apply—

(a)to the construction or extension of any well, borehole or other work; or

(b)to the installation or modification of machinery or other apparatus,

if the well, borehole or other work is constructed or extended, or the machinery or apparatus is installed or modified, for the purpose of abstracting the water.

(3)Where a person is authorised by a licence under this Chapter to carry on a particular abstraction operation (or series of operations), this section does not permit him to carry it on beyond the authorisation conferred by the licence.

27AVariation of small quantity threshold

(1)The Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument provide that section 27(1) above is to have effect in relation to—

(a)a geographical area; or

(b)a class of inland waters; or

(c)a class of underground strata; or

(d)a class of inland waters or of underground strata within a geographical area,

(in each case as specified in the order) as if for “twenty cubic metres” there were substituted another quantity specified in the order.

(2)The Secretary of State shall not make such an order except upon the application of the [^F63appropriate agency^F63]; but he may direct the [^F63appropriate agency^F63] to make such an application.

(3)Such an order may—

(a)make different provision in relation to the different paragraphs in subsection (1) above; and

(b)make different provision for different areas, waters or underground strata.

(4)Schedule 6 to this Act shall have effect with respect to applications for orders under subsection (1) above and with respect to the making of such orders.

(5)An order under subsection (1) above which specifies a greater quantity than the one which previously had effect in relation to the area, waters or strata in question may make provision for a licence to abstract water granted under this Chapter—

(a)which is for the time being in force; but

(b)which by virtue of the order has become wholly or partly unnecessary,

to cease to have effect, or to cease to have effect to the extent specified in the order.

(6)An order under subsection (1) above may include provision for or in relation to the payment by the [^F63appropriate agency^F63] of compensation, in cases specified in the order, to a person who—

(a)immediately before the making of an order under subsection (1) above, had been in a position to carry out an abstraction to which, by virtue of section 27(1) above, the restriction on abstraction did not apply;

(b)following the making of that order, requires a licence under this Chapter in order to carry out that abstraction; and

(c)has suffered loss or damage as a result of his having been—

(i)refused such a licence in respect of that abstraction; or

(ii)granted such a licence, but in respect of an abstraction of more limited extent than the one he had been in a position to carry out.

(7)Paragraphs (e) and (f) of section 219(2) below apply in relation to orders under subsection (1) above as they apply to regulations made under this Act.

(8)A statutory instrument containing an order under subsection (1) above shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.^F62]

28 Curtailment of rights under section 27.

[^F64(1)The provisions of this section shall have effect where a person (“the occupier") is entitled, by virtue of subsection (6) of section 27 above, to a protected right for the purposes of this Chapter by reason of his being the occupier of such a holding as is mentioned in subsection (4) of that section in relation to an abstraction falling within that subsection (“the holding").

(2)If it appears to the [^F65Agency^F65] that the occupier is entitled, as against other occupiers of land contiguous to the inland waters in question, to abstract water from those waters for use on part of the holding (“the relevant part"), but is not so entitled to abstract water for use on other parts of the holding—

(a)the [^F65Agency^F65] may serve on him a notice specifying the relevant part of the holding; and

(b)subject to the following provisions of this section, the notice shall have effect so as to require subsections (3) and (4) of section 27 above to be construed in relation to the holding as if the references in subsection (4) to use on the holding were references to use on the part of the holding specified in the notice.

(3)Where a notice is served under subsection (2) above and the occupier objects to the notice on the grounds—

(a)that he is entitled, as against other occupiers of land contiguous to the inland waters in question, to abstract water from those waters for use on every part of the holding; or

(b)that he is so entitled to abstract water for use on a larger part of the holding than that specified in the notice,

he may, within such period (not being less than twenty-eight days from the date of service of the notice) and in such manner as may be prescribed, appeal to the court against the notice.

(4)On any appeal under subsection (3) above, the court shall determine the matter in dispute and, in accordance with its decision, confirm, quash or vary the [^F65Agency’s^F65]notice and—

(a)where the court quashes a notice served under subsection (2) above, paragraph (b) of that subsection shall not have effect; and

(b)where the court varies such a notice, that paragraph shall have effect, but with the substitution, for the reference to the part of the holding specified in the notice, of a reference to the part specified in the notice as varied by the court.

(5)In this section—

• “the court” means the county court for the district in which the holding, or the part of the holding which is contiguous to the inland waters in question, is situated; and

• “entitled” (except in subsection (1) above) means entitled apart from this Chapter or any other statutory provision.^F64]

29 Rights to abstract for drainage purposes etc.

(1)The restriction on abstraction shall not apply to any abstraction of water from a source of supply in the course of, or resulting from, any operations for purposes of land drainage.

[^F66(1A)The restriction on abstraction shall not apply to any abstraction of water from inland waters within the district of an internal drainage board if—

(a)the abstraction is carried out by or on behalf of that board in connection with its functions;

(b)the water abstracted is transferred to another area of inland waters within the board’s district without intervening use; and

(c)the sole or main purpose of the transfer is to augment that other area of inland waters.^F66]

[^F67(2)The restriction on abstraction shall not apply to any abstraction of water from a source of supply in so far as the abstraction (where it does not fall within subsection (1) or (1A) above) is an emergency abstraction and the person abstracting the water complies with subsection (2B) below.

(2A)An abstraction of water is an emergency abstraction if, in the opinion of the abstractor, an emergency has arisen which makes the abstraction necessary to prevent immediate danger of interference with any mining, quarrying, engineering, building or other operations (whether underground or on the surface) or, in relation to such operations, to prevent an immediate risk—

(a)to a human being of death, personal injury or harm to health;

(b)of serious damage to works resulting from any such operations; or

(c)of serious damage to the environment.

(2B)In the case of any emergency abstraction, the person abstracting the water shall before the end of the period of five days beginning with the date on which the abstraction started give notice to the appropriate agency of—

(a)the abstraction and of the source of supply in question; and

(b)the reasons for the abstractor’s opinion that an emergency had arisen and that the abstraction was necessary.

(2C)The appropriate agency may give notice to the person referred to in subsection (2B) above that in the appropriate agency's opinion an emergency had not arisen, or that the abstraction is not, or is no longer, necessary for any of the reasons set out in subsection (2A) above; and, if the appropriate agency does so, the restriction on abstraction shall apply to the abstraction from the time when the notice is served (and, if applicable, the restriction imposed by section 24(2) above shall apply accordingly).^F67]

^F68(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4)In the case of any abstraction of water from underground strata which falls within subsection (1) or (2) above, the restriction imposed by section 24(2) above shall not apply—

(a)to the construction or extension of any well, borehole or other work; or

(b)to the installation or modification of machinery or other apparatus,

if the well, borehole or other work is constructed or extended, or the machinery or apparatus is installed or modified, for the purpose of abstracting the water.

[^F69(5)In this section, “land drainage”—

(a)includes the protection of land against erosion or encroachment by water, whether from inland waters or from the sea; but

(b)does not include warping, irrigation (including spray irrigation), or transferring water from one source of supply to another (whether with or without intervening use) solely or mainly in order to augment the latter.^F69]

^F7030 Notices with respect to borings not requiring licences.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^F7131 Appeals against conservation notices under section 30.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32 Miscellaneous rights to abstract._cross-notes

(1)The restriction on abstraction shall not apply to any abstraction by machinery or apparatus installed on a vessel, where the water is abstracted for use on that, or any other, vessel.

(2)The restriction on abstraction and the other restrictions imposed by section 24 above shall not apply to the doing of anything—

(a)for [^F72extinguishing fires or protecting life and property in the event of fire^F72] ; or

(b)for the purpose of testing apparatus used for [^F73either of^F73] those purposes or of training or practice in the use of such apparatus.

(3)The restriction on abstraction and the other restrictions imposed by section 24 above shall not apply—

(a)to any abstraction of water;

(b)to the construction or extension of any well, borehole or other work; or

(c)to the installation or modification of machinery or other apparatus,

if the abstraction, construction, extension, installation or modification is for any of the purposes specified in subsection (4) below and takes place with the consent of the [^F74appropriate agency^F74] and in compliance with any conditions imposed by the [^F74appropriate agency^F74] .

(4)The purposes mentioned in subsection (3) above are—

(a)the purpose of ascertaining the presence of water in any underground strata or the quality or quantity of any such water; and

(b)the purpose of ascertaining the effect of abstracting water from the well, borehole or other work in question on the abstraction of water from, or the level of water in, any other well, borehole or other work or any inland waters.

^F7533 Power to provide for further rights to abstract.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[^F7633APower to provide for further exemptions

(1)The Secretary of State may make regulations providing for further cases in which—

(a)the restriction on abstraction (and, in the case of abstractions from underground strata, the other restrictions imposed by section 24 above); or

(b)the restriction on impounding works,

shall not apply; and in this section such a case is referred to as an “exemption”.

(2)The regulations may, in particular, make provision, in relation to an exemption—

(a)for the exemption to apply only for a prescribed period;

(b)for the exemption not to apply unless prescribed conditions are satisfied, or continue to be satisfied;

(c)for the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to be notified, or its consent obtained—

(i)before any particular abstraction operation or series of such operations begins; or

(ii)in connection with such an operation or series of operations relating to the abstraction of water in underground strata, before any other thing which is mentioned in section 24(2) above is done; or

(iii)before any impounding works are constructed or altered,

in reliance on the exemption.

(3)The regulations may provide for an exemption to apply generally or to relate to—

(a)a prescribed geographical area;

(b)a prescribedsource of supply (in the case of an exemption from the restriction on abstraction or the other restrictions imposed by section 24 above); or

(c)prescribedinland waters (in the case of an exemption from the restriction on impounding works).

(4)Subject to subsection (5) below, if regulations under this section provide for an exemption falling within subsection (1)(a) above, the regulations shall—

(a)if appropriate, make provision for the exemption not to permit a person who is authorised by a licence under this Chapter to carry on an abstraction operation (or series of operations) to carry it on beyond the authorisation conferred by the licence; and

(b)make provision as to whether or not, in relation to any abstraction, the exemption provided for by the regulations is to be counted cumulatively with any other exemption which a person has by virtue of this section or section 27 above.

(5)The regulations may make provision for a licence granted under this Chapter and which is for the time being in force to cease to have effect, or to cease to have effect to the extent specified in the regulations, if it authorises an activity which falls to any extent within the exemption provided for by the regulations.^F76]

Applications for a licence

34 Regulations with respect to applications.

(1)Any application for a licence under this Chapter shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed, and shall include such particulars, [^F78be accompanied by such reports, ^F78] and be verified by such evidence, as may be prescribed.

(2)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision as to the manner in which applications for the grant of licences under this Chapter are to be dealt with, including provision requiring the giving of notices of, and information relating to, the making of such applications or decisions on such applications [^F79, and provision for making such applications available for public inspection.^F79]

(3)^F80Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2) above, provision shall be made by regulations under this section for securing that, in such circumstances as may be prescribed (being circumstances in which it appears to the Secretary of State that applications for licences under this Chapter would be of special concern to National Park . . . authorities)—

(a)^F80notice of any such application will be given to such one or more National Park . . . authorities as may be determined in accordance with the regulations; and

(b)^F80the matters to which the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State is to have regard in dealing with the application will include any representations made by any such National Park . . . authority within such period and in such manner as may be prescribed.

(4)The preceding provisions of this section shall have effect subject to any express provision contained in, or having effect by virtue of, any other enactment contained in this Chapter; and any regulations made under this section shall have effect subject to any such express provision.

^F81(5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35 Restrictions on persons who may make applications for abstraction licences._cross-notes

(1)No application for a licence under this Chapter to abstract water shall be entertained unless it is made by a person entitled to make the application in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

[^F82(2)In relation to abstractions from any inland waters, a person shall be entitled to make the application if, as respects the place (or, if more than one, as respects each of the places) at which the proposed abstractions are to be effected, he satisfies the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] that—

(a)he has, or at the time when the proposed licence is to take effect will have, a right of access to land contiguous to the inland waters at that place (or those places); and

(b)he will continue to have such a right for the period of at least one year beginning with the date on which the proposed licence is to take effect, or until it is to expire (if sooner).

(3)In relation to abstractions from underground strata, a person shall be entitled to make the application if he satisfies the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] that—

(a)he has, or at the time when the proposed licence is to take effect will have, a right of access to land consisting of or comprising those underground strata; and

(b)he will continue to have such a right for the period of at least one year beginning with the date on which the proposed licence is to take effect, or until it is to expire (if sooner).

(3A)The [^F77appropriate agency^F77] may, in particular, take evidence of a person’s occupation of land to be evidence of his right of access to it.^F82]

(4)Any reference in this section to a person who [^F83will have a right of access to^F83] land of any description—

(a)includes a reference to a person who satisfies the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] that he has entered into negotiations for the acquisition of an interest in land of that description such that, if the interest is acquired by him, he will be entitled to [^F84a right of access to ^F84] that land; and

(b)without prejudice to the application of paragraph (a) above to a person who is or can be authorised to acquire land compulsorily, also includes any person who satisfies the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] that by virtue of any enactment, the compulsory acquisition by that person of land of that description either has been authorised or can be authorised and has been initiated.

(5)In subsection (4) above the reference to initiating the compulsory acquisition of land by a person is a reference to—

(a)the submission to the relevant Minister of a draft of an order which, if made by that Minister in the form of the draft, will authorise that person to acquire that land compulsorily, with or without other land; or

(b)the submission to the relevant Minister of an order which, if confirmed by that Minister as submitted will authorise that person to acquire that land compulsorily, with or without other land.

(6)In subsection (5) above “the relevant Minister”, in relation to the compulsory acquisition of land by any person, means the Minister who, in accordance with the enactment mentioned in subsection (4)(b) above, is empowered to authorise that person to acquire land compulsorily.

^F8536 Application for combined abstraction and impounding licence.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[^F8636AApplications: types of abstraction licence_cross-notes

(1)The [^F77appropriate agency^F77] may decide that—

(a)an application for a full licence, a transfer licence or a temporary licence ought to be for one of the other types of licence;

(b)a number of applications for licences (of any type or types) to abstract water from a particular source of supply ought to be treated as an application for a single such licence (of any type);

(c)an application for a single licence (of any type) to abstract water from a particular source of supply ought to be treated as a number of applications for such licences (of any type or types); or

(d)any such application as is referred to above ought to be accompanied by an application for revocation of an existing licence to abstract water.

(2)The [^F77appropriate agency^F77] may arrive at the decision referred to in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d) of subsection (1) above on the basis of its assessment of any one or more of the following—

(a)the likely effect of the abstraction (or abstractions) for which the applicant has applied for a licence (or licences);

(b)the likely effect of that abstraction (or those abstractions) taken together with abstractions under any other licence held by the applicant, or abstractions which would be authorised under any other licence for which the applicant has applied;

(c)any other prescribed matter.

(3)If the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] does so decide, it shall serve a notice of its decision on the applicant; and, subject to subsections (4) to (8) below, shall deal with the application (or applications) accordingly (which, if the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] made the decision referred to in paragraph (d) of subsection (1) above in relation to any application (or applications), means not publishing any notice under section 37 below, or taking any further step in connection with the application (or applications), until the application for revocation has been received).

(4)The applicant may by notice appeal to the Secretary of State against the decision, and shall serve a copy of any such notice on the [^F77appropriate agency^F77].

(5)That notice, and the copy of it, shall be served in such manner and within such period as may be prescribed.

(6)If the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] serves a notice under subsection (3) above, it shall not publish any notice under section 37 below, or take any further step in connection with the application (or applications), before—

(a)the end of the period within which notice of an appeal may be served on the Secretary of State; or

(b)if notice of an appeal is so served, the appeal has been determined.

(7)The Secretary of State—

(a)may allow or dismiss the appeal, or vary any part of the decision of the [^F77appropriate agency^F77], whether the appeal relates to that part of the decision or not; and

(b)shall direct the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to deal with the application, or applications, accordingly (which, if the [^F77appropriate agency's^F77] decision was made under paragraph (d) of subsection (1) above in relation to any such application, and that decision is upheld, may mean not publishing any notice under section 37 below, or taking any further step in connection with the application, until the application for revocation has been received).

(8)Subsections (2) and (7) of section 44 below apply in relation to an appeal under this section as they apply in relation to an appeal under section 43 below.

(9)This section is subject to section 114 of the 1995 Act (delegation or reference of appeals).^F86]

[^F8737 Publication of application for licence._cross-notes

(1)The [^F77appropriate agency^F77] shall publish a notice of an application for—

(a)a full licence or a transfer licence; or

(b)a licence under this Chapter to obstruct or impede the flow of any inland waters by means of impounding works,

in the prescribed way or (if no way is prescribed) in a way calculated to bring the application to the attention of persons who in the [^F77appropriate agency's^F77] view are likely to be affected by the licence.

(2)Not later than the date on which that notice is first published, the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] shall also serve a copy of it on the persons referred to in subsection (3) below (except the applicant, if the applicant is one of those persons).

(3)Those persons are—

(a)any water undertaker within whose area any proposed point of abstraction or impounding is situated;

(b)any navigation authority, harbour authority or conservancy authority having functions in relation to any inland waters at any such proposed point; and

(c)the drainage board for any internal drainage district within which any such proposed point is situated,

but paragraphs (b) and (c) above do not apply if the licence applied for is exclusively for the abstraction of water from a source of supply that does not form part of any inland waters.

(4)A notice for the purposes of the preceding provisions of this section shall—

(a)be in the prescribed form and shall include any prescribed matters; and

(b)state that any person may make representations in writing to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] with respect to the application at any time before the end of a period specified in the notice.

(5)The period referred to in subsection (4)(b) above—

(a)begins on the date the notice referred to in subsection (1) above is first published as mentioned there; and

(b)shall not end before the end of the period of twenty-eight days beginning with that date.

(6)The Secretary of State may make regulations providing for—

(a)the requirements of subsection (2) above, or of both subsections (1) and (2) above, not to apply in prescribed cases;

(b)notices of applications to exclude prescribed classes of information, either generally or as respects prescribed classes of application.

(7)In this section, “proposed point of abstraction or impounding”, in relation to an application for a licence referred to in subsection (1) above, means a place where a licence, if granted in accordance with the application, would authorise—

(a)water to be abstracted; or

(b)the flow of inland waters to be obstructed or impeded by means of impounding works,

(as the case may be).

(8)This section is subject to section 37A below.^F87]

[^F8837APower to dispense with publication requirements

The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for—

(a)enabling the [^F77appropriate agency^F77]; or

(b)him, in the case of applications referred to him in accordance with section 41 below,

to direct or determine that the requirements of subsections (1) and (2) of section 37 above may in any case (except where the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] is the applicant) be dispensed with, if in that case it appears to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] (or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State) to be appropriate to do so.^F88]

Consideration of licence applications

38 General consideration of applications._cross-notes

(1)The [^F77appropriate agency^F77] shall not determine any application for a licence under this Chapter before the end of the period specified [^F89in the notice referred to in section 37(4)(b)^F89] above.

[^F90(1A)An application shall be determined in two stages in accordance with subsections (1B) and (1C) below if it is an application for a full licence or a transfer licence which, if granted—

(a)would take effect immediately after the expiry of an existing licence of the same type (the “existing licence”) and be held by the same person as the holder of that licence; but

(b)would in any other respect be different from the existing licence in a way which, if the existing licence were to continue without expiring, would require an application to be made under section 51(2) below for a variation of the licence.

(1B)So far as the application relates to any such difference as is mentioned in subsection (1A)(b) above, it shall first be treated for determination purposes as if it were an application for a variation under section 51(2) below (but as if the existing licence were to continue without expiring).

(1C)If the result of that would have been the grant of the application for variation of the licence, the application referred to in subsection (1) above shall be treated as one for a licence with that variation, and its determination concluded accordingly; and otherwise its determination shall be concluded as if it were an application for a licence with no such variation.^F90]

(2)Subject to the following provisions of this Chapter, on any application to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] for a licence under this Chapter, the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] —

(a)may grant a licence containing such provisions as the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] considers appropriate; or

(b)if, having regard to the provisions of this Chapter, the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] considers it necessary or expedient to do so, may refuse to grant a licence.

(3)Without prejudice to section 39(1) below, the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , in dealing with any application for a licence under this Chapter, shall have regard to [^F91all the relevant circumstances, including any duty imposed by or under any enactment on bodies having functions in relation to inland waters (for example, navigation authorities and internal drainage boards), and shall have regard in particular to^F91] —

(a)any representations in writing relating to the application which are received by the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] before the end of the period mentioned in subsection (1) above; and

(b)the requirements of the applicant, in so far as they appear to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to be reasonable requirements.

[^F92 and may have regard to any failure on the part of the applicant to make an application under section 40 of the Water Industry Act 1991 pursuant to a proposal made by the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] under section 20C above.^F92]

[^F93(4)Subsection (1) above, and paragraph (a) of subsection (3) above, do not apply if in relation to the application in question the requirements of section 37(1) above do not apply by virtue of section 37(6)(a) above or have been dispensed with by virtue of section 37A above.^F93]

39 Obligation to have regard to existing rights and privileges._cross-notes

(1)[^F94Subject to subsection (1A) below,^F94] the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] shall not, except with the consent of the person entitled to the rights, grant a licence so authorising—

(a)the abstraction of water; or

(b)the flow of any inland waters to be obstructed or impeded by means of impounding works,

as to derogate from any rights which, at the time when the application is determined by the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , are protected rights for the purposes of this Chapter.

[^F95(1A)Subsection (1) above does not apply when—

(a)the application to be determined is one which does not fall within subsection (1A) of section 38 above only because paragraph (b) of that subsection is not satisfied; or

(b)the determination of an application is being concluded in accordance with subsection (1C) of that section.^F95]

(2)In a case where an application for a licence under this Chapter relates to abstraction from underground strata, the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , in dealing with the application, shall have regard to the requirements of existing lawful uses of water abstracted from those strata, whether for agriculture, industry, water supply or other purposes.

^F96(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4)Any reference in this Chapter, in relation to the abstraction of water or obstructing or impeding the flow of any inland waters by means of impounding works, to derogating from a right which is a protected right for the purposes of this Chapter is a reference to, as the case may be—

(a)abstracting water; or

(b)so obstructing or impeding the flow of any such waters,

in such a way, or to such an extent, as to prevent the person entitled to that right from abstracting water to the extent mentioned in [^F97(as the case may be) section 39A(2) or (7), 48(1) or 59C(10) below or section 102(3) of the Water Act 2003, or in a provision made in an order by virtue of section 10(5)(b) of that Act, in each case subject to any limitations mentioned there^F97] .

(5)For the purposes of subsection (2) above the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] shall be entitled (but shall not be bound) to treat as lawful any existing use of water from underground strata unless—

(a)by a decision given in any legal proceedings, it has been held to be unlawful; and

(b)that decision has not been quashed or reversed.

[^F9839AProtected rights for the purposes of this Chapter

(1)For the purposes of this Chapter, a right is a protected right if—

(a)it is such a right as a person who is the holder of a full licence is taken to have by virtue of section 48(1) below;

(b)it is such a right as a person is taken to have by virtue of subsection (2) below;

(c)it is such a right as a person continues to be taken to have by virtue of subsection (7) below;

(d)it is such a right as a person is taken to have by virtue of subsection (10) of section 59C below;

(e)it is such a right as a person continues to be taken to have by virtue of a provision made under subsection (5)(b) of section 10 of the Water Act 2003 in an order made under that section; or

(f)it is such a right as a person continues to be taken to have by virtue of section 102(3) of that Act.

(2)A person who is in a position to carry out an abstraction of a quantity of water which—

(a)by virtue of section 27(1) above is not subject to the restriction on abstraction; and

(b)also falls within subsection (4) or (5) below,

shall be taken, for the purposes of this Chapter, to have a right to do so in respect of the maximum quantity mentioned in subsection (3) below.

(3)The maximum quantity is the lower of the following—

(a)twenty cubic metres;

(b)if, by virtue of an order under section 27A(1) above, section 27(1) above has, or has ever had, effect in relation to the source of supply and point of abstraction in question as if it referred to a quantity lower than twenty cubic metres, that lower quantity (or, if more than one, the lowest of them).

(4)An abstraction falls within this subsection if it is an abstraction from inland waters carried out by or on behalf of an occupier of land contiguous to those waters at the place where the abstraction is effected (“contiguous land”), and—

(a)the water is abstracted for use on a holding consisting of the contiguous land with or without other land held with that land; and

(b)it is abstracted for use on that holding for either or both of the following purposes—

(i)the domestic purposes of the occupier’s household;

(ii)agricultural purposes other than spray irrigation.

(5)An abstraction falls within this subsection if it is an abstraction from underground strata and the water is abstracted by or on behalf of an individual as a supply of water for the domestic purposes of his household.

(6)Subsection (2) above shall not apply to a person in respect of an abstraction which that person is, or was at any time, taken to have a right to carry out by virtue of any provision mentioned in paragraph (a), (c), (d), (e) or (f) of subsection (1) above.

(7)Subject to subsection (8) below, a person who was the holder of a full licence which has ceased to have effect (or has ceased in part to have effect) by virtue of—

(a)any provision made by virtue of section 27A(5) above in an order made under section 27A(1) above; or

(b)any provision made by virtue of section 33A(5) above in regulations made under section 33A above,

and who was taken in consequence of that licence (or that part of the licence) to have a right to abstract water by virtue of section 48(1) below shall continue to be taken to have that right for the purposes of this Chapter.

(8)For the purposes of this Chapter, the person who was the holder of the licence in question (“the old licence”) shall cease to continue to be taken to have a right, by virtue of subsection (7) above, to abstract water if—

(a)during a period mentioned in subsection (9) below he does not carry out any such abstraction as would have been authorised by the old licence if it had still been in force; or

(b)following a further order under section 27A(1) above or further regulations under section 33A above, he is granted another full licence in respect of abstraction from the same point as that authorised by the old licence.

(9)The period referred to in subsection (8)(a) above is—

(a)four years; or

(b)if the abstractions authorised under the old licence were abstractions planned to be carried out at intervals of more than four years, or abstractions for emergency purposes only, such longer period as the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] may determine on the application of the holder of the old licence.

(10)In subsections (8) and (9) above, references to the old licence, in the case of a licence which ceased to have effect only to the extent specified in the order or regulations referred to in subsection (7) above, are to the part of the licence which ceased to have effect.

(11)Any reference in this Chapter to the person entitled to a protected right shall be construed in accordance with this section.

(12)This section is subject to any provision made by virtue of subsection (3) of section 39B below, and to subsections (4) and (5) of that section.^F98]

[^F9939BRegister of certain protected rights

(1)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for and in connection with the establishment, and for the keeping and maintenance by the [^F77appropriate agency^F77], of one or more registers of protected rights which arise otherwise than by virtue of a licence under this Chapter to abstract water.

(2)The regulations may, in particular, provide for—

(a)a register to relate to a prescribed geographical area, or for different sections of a register to relate to different geographical areas (whether prescribed or not);

(b)the inclusion of protected rights which arise other than by virtue of any provision of this Act;

(c)the form and contents of the register, and its inspection by members of the public;

(d)the procedure for applying for a protected right to be included in the register, including any information which is to accompany the application;

(e)cases in which it is the duty of the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to include a protected right in the register without an application for inclusion having been made.

(3)The Secretary of State may by order designate any geographical area in respect of which a register, or a section of a register, relates as an area of compulsory registration.

(4)If he does so, a protected right in that area which is not registered shall not have effect as a protected right for any purpose of this Act (other than that of registering it) for so long as it is not registered.

(5)Subsection (4) above does not apply in relation to any protected right until after the expiry of the period of two years beginning with the date on which the order under subsection (3) above was made, or such longer period as may be specified in the order.

(6)An order under subsection (3) above may be made only on the application of the [^F77appropriate agency^F77]; but the Secretary of State may direct the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to make such an application.

(7)Schedule 6 to this Act shall have effect with respect to applications for orders under subsection (3) above and with respect to the making of such orders.

(8)The power to make orders under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument; and a statutory instrument containing an order under this section shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(9)Paragraphs (d) to (f) of section 219(2) below apply in relation to orders under this section as they apply to regulations made under this Act.^F99]

40 Obligation to take river flow etc. into account._cross-notes

(1)Without prejudice to sections 38(3) and 39(1) above, subsection (2) or, as the case may be, subsection (3) below shall apply where any application for a licence under this Chapter relates to abstraction from any inland waters or to obstructing or impeding the flow of any inland waters by means of impounding works.

(2)If, in the case of such an application as is mentioned in subsection (1) above, the application is made at a time when no minimum acceptable flow for the inland waters in question has been determined under Chapter I of this Part, the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , in dealing with the application, shall have regard to the considerations by reference to which, in accordance with section 21(4) and (5) above, a minimum acceptable flow for those waters would fall to be determined.

(3)If, in the case of such an application as is mentioned in subsection (1) above, the application is made at a time after a minimum acceptable flow for the waters in question has been determined under Chapter I of this Part, the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , in dealing with the application, shall have regard to the need to secure or, as the case may be, secure in relation to the different times or periods for which the flow is determined—

(a)that the flow at any control point will not be reduced below the minimum acceptable flow at that point; or

(b)if it is already less than that minimum acceptable flow, that the flow at any control point will not be further reduced below the minimum acceptable flow at that point.

(4)Without prejudice to sections 38(3) and 39(1) above, where—

(a)an application for a licence under this Chapter relates to abstraction from underground strata; and

(b)it appears to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] that the proposed abstraction is likely to affect the flow, level or volume of any inland waters which are [^F100not discrete waters^F100] ,

subsection (2) or, as the case may be, subsection (3) above shall apply as if the application related to abstraction from those waters.

Call-in of applications

41 Secretary of State’s power to call in applications_cross-notes

(1)The Secretary of State may give directions to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] requiring applications for licences under this Chapter to be referred to him, instead of being dealt with by the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] .

(2)A direction under this section—

(a)may relate either to a particular application or to applications of a class specified in the direction; and

(b)may except from the operation of the direction such classes of applications as may be specified in the direction in such circumstances as may be so specified.

[^F101(3)An application may not be referred to the Secretary of State under this section—

(a)if in relation to the application the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] is still considering whether to make any such decision as is referred to in subsection (1) of section 36A above, or if it has made such a decision but has not yet served the notice referred to in subsection (3) of that section; or

(b)where the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] has served a notice on the applicant under subsection (3) of that section, until the period for appealing under that section has expired or (if the applicant appeals) the appeal has been determined.^F101]

42 Consideration of called-in applications._cross-notes

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this section and to section 46 below, the Secretary of State, on considering a called-in application—

(a)may determine that a licence shall be granted containing such provisions as he considers appropriate; or

(b)if, having regard to the provisions of this Act, he considers it necessary or expedient to do so, may determine that no licence shall be granted.

(2)Before determining a called-in application, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit-

(a)cause a local inquiry to be held; or

(b)afford to the applicant and the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] an opportunity of appearing before, and being heard by, a person appointed by the Secretary of State for the purpose;

and the Secretary of State shall act as mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) above if a request is made by the applicant or the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to be heard with respect to the application.

(3)The provisions of sections 37, 38(1) and (3), 39(2) and 40 above shall apply in relation to any called-in application as if—

(a)any reference in those provisions to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , except the references in sections [^F10237 ^F102] and 38(3)(a), were a reference to the Secretary of State; and

(b)any reference to section 39(1) above were a reference to subsection (4) below.

(4)[^F103Subject to subsection (4A) below,^F103] in determining any called-in application and, in particular, in determining what (if any) direction to give under subsection (5) below, the Secretary of State shall consider whether any such direction would require the grant of a licence which would so authorise—

(a)the abstraction of water; or

(b)the flow of any inland waters to be obstructed or impeded by means of impounding works,

as to derogate from rights which, at the time when the direction in question is given, are protected rights for the purposes of this Chapter.

[^F104(4A)Subsection (1A) of section 39 above applies in relation to subsection (4) above as it applies in relation to section 39(1) above.^F104]

(5)Where the decision of the Secretary of State on a called-in application is that a licence is to be granted, the decision shall include a direction to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to grant a licence containing such provisions as may be specified in the direction.

(6)The decision of the Secretary of State on any called-in application shall be final.

(7)In this section “called-in application” means an application referred to the Secretary of State in accordance with directions under section 41 above.

Appeals with respect to decisions on licence applications

43 Appeals to the Secretary of State._cross-notes

(1)Where an application has been made to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] for a licence under this Chapter, the applicant may by notice appeal to the Secretary of State if—

(a)the applicant is dissatisfied with the decision of the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] on the application; or

(b)the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] fails within the period specified in subsection (2) below to give to the applicant either—

(i)notice of the [^F77appropriate agency's^F77] decision on the application; or

(ii)notice that the application has been referred to the Secretary of State in accordance with any direction under section 41 above.

[^F105(1A)This section is subject to section 114 of the 1995 Act (delegation or reference of appeals etc).^F105]

(2)The period mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above is—

(a)except in a case falling within paragraph (b) below, such period as may be prescribed; and

(b)where an extended period is at any time agreed in writing between the applicant and the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , the extended period.

(3)A notice of appeal under this section shall be served—

(a)in such manner as may be prescribed; and

(b)within such period as may be prescribed, being a period of not less than twenty-eight days from, as the case may be—

(i)the date on which the decision to which it relates was notified to the applicant; or

(ii)the end of the period which, by virtue of subsection (2) above, is applicable for the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above.

(4)Where a notice is served under this section in respect of any application, the applicant shall, within the period prescribed for the purposes of subsection (3)(b) above, serve a copy of the notice on the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] .

(5)Where any representations in writing with respect to an application were made within the period specified [^F106in any such notice as is referred to in section 37(4)(b)^F106] above, the Secretary of State shall, before determining an appeal under this section in respect of the application, require the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to serve a copy of the notice of appeal on each of the persons who made those representations.

44 Determination of appeals.

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this Chapter, where an appeal is brought under section 43 above, the Secretary of State—

(a)may allow or dismiss the appeal or reverse or vary any part of the decision of the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , whether the appeal relates to that part of the decision or not; and

(b)may deal with the application as if it had been made to him in the first instance;

and for the purposes of this section an appeal by virtue of section 43(1)(b) above shall be taken to be an appeal against a refusal of the application.

(2)Before determining an appeal under section 43 above, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit—

(a)cause a local inquiry to be held; or

(b)afford to the applicant and the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] an opportunity of appearing before, and being heard by, a person appointed by the Secretary of State for the purpose;

and the Secretary of State shall act as mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) above if a request is made by the applicant or the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] to be heard with respect to the appeal.

(3)The Secretary of State, in determining an appeal under section 43 above, shall take into account—

(a)any further representations in writing received by him, within the prescribed period, from the persons mentioned in section 43(5) above; and

(b)the requirements of the applicant, in so far as they appear to the Secretary of State to be reasonable requirements.

(4)[^F107Subject to subsection (4A) below,^F107] in determining any appeal under section 43 above and, in particular, in determining what (if any) direction to give under subsection (6) below, the Secretary of State shall consider whether any such direction would require such a grant or variation of a licence as would so authorise—

(a)the abstraction of water; or

(b)the flow of any inland waters to be obstructed or impeded by means of impounding works,

as to derogate from rights which, at the time when the direction in question is given, are protected rights for the purposes of this Chapter.

[^F108(4A)Subsection (1A) of section 39 above applies in relation to subsection (4) above as it applies in relation to section 39(1) above.^F108]

(5)The provisions of sections 39(2) and 40 above shall apply in relation to any appeal under section 43 above as if—

(a)any reference in those provisions to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , were a reference to the Secretary of State; and

(b)the references to sections 38(3) and 39(1) above were references to subsections (3) and (4) above.

(6)Where the decision on an appeal under section 43 above is that a licence is to be granted or to be varied or revoked, the decision shall include a direction to the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] , as the case may be—

(a)to grant a licence containing such provisions as may be specified in the direction;

(b)to vary the licence so as to contain such provisions as may be so specified; or

(c)to revoke the licence.

(7)The decision of the Secretary of State on any appeal under section 43 above shall be final.

45 Regulations with respect to appeals.

(1)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision as to the manner in which appeals against decisions [^F109of the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] under section 36A above or ^F109] on applications for the grant, revocation or variation of licences under this Chapter are to be dealt with, including provision requiring the giving of notices of, and information relating to, the making of such appeals or decisions on any such appeals.

(2)^F110Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, provision shall be made by regulations under this section for securing that, in prescribed circumstances (being circumstances in which it appears to the Secretary of State that applications for licences under this Chapter would be of special concern to National Park . . . authorities)—

(a)^F110notice of any appeal against the decision on such an application, will be served on any National Park . . . authority who made representations falling within paragraph (b) of section 34(3) above; and

(b)the Secretary of State, in determining the appeal, will take account of any further representations made by such an authority within such period and in such manner as may be prescribed.

[^F111(2A)Subsection (2) above does not apply in relation to appeals against decisions of the [^F77appropriate agency^F77] under section 36A above.^F111]

(3)^F110Subsections (4) . . . of section 34 above shall apply for the purposes of this section as they apply for the purposes of that section.

Form, contents and effect of licences

46 Form and contents of licences.

(1)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision as to the form of licences under this Chapter or of any class of such licences; but any regulations under this subsection shall have effect subject to the following provisions of this section and to any other express provision contained in, or having effect by virtue of, any other enactment contained in this Chapter.

(2)[^F112Every full licence under this Chapter shall, and any other licence under this Chapter to abstract water may, make— ^F112]

(a)provision as to the quantity of water authorised to be abstracted in pursuance of the licence from the source of supply to which the licence relates during a period or periods specified in the licence, including provision as to the way in which that quantity is to be measured or assessed for the purposes of this Chapter; and

(b)provision for determining, by measurement or assessment, what quantity of water is to be taken to have been abstracted during any such period by the holder of the licence from the source of supply to which the licence relates.

[^F113(2A)For the purposes of section 61(4A) below—

(a)every full licence under this Chapter which is for a term exceeding twelve years shall; and

(b)any transfer licence under this Chapter which is for a term exceeding twelve years may,

specify a minimum value for the quantity referred to in subsection (2)(a) above.^F113]

(3)Every licence under this Chapter to abstract water shall indicate the means by which water is authorised to be abstracted in pursuance of the licence, by reference either to specified works, machinery or apparatus or to works, machinery or apparatus fulfilling specified requirements.

[^F114(4)Every licence under this Chapter to abstract water shall also specify the purposes for which water abstracted in pursuance of the licence is to be used.

(5)Every licence under this Chapter to abstract water shall state—

(a)the date on which it takes effect; and

(b)the date on which it expires.

(5A)Every licence under this Chapter to obstruct or impede any inland waters shall remain in force until revoked.^F114]

(6)Different provision may be made by the same licence with respect to any one or more of the following matters, that is to say—

(a)the abstraction of water during different periods;

(b)the abstraction of water from the same source of supply but at different points or by different means;

(c)the abstraction of water for use for different purposes;

and any such provision as is mentioned in subsection (2) above may be made separately in relation to each of the matters for which (in accordance with this subsection) different provision is made in the licence.

(7)Nothing in subsection (6) above shall be construed as preventing two or more licences from being granted to the same person to be held concurrently in respect of the same source of supply, if the licences authorise the abstraction of water at different points [^F115, by different means or for different purposes ^F115] .

[^F11646ALimited extension of abstraction licence validity_cross-notes

(1)If the condition in subsection (2) below is met, a full licence or a transfer licence whose term exceeded twelve months but whose expiry date (“the expiry date”) has passed shall be treated for all the purposes of this Act as not expiring until the date mentioned in subsection (4) below.

(2)The condition is that the [^F117appropriate agency^F117] receives, not later than the beginning of the period of three months ending on the expiry date (or such later date before the expiry date as the [^F117appropriate agency^F117] agrees), a valid application for a new licence—

(a)for abstraction from the same point as the abstraction licensed by the expiring licence;

(b)whose holder would be the same as the holder of the expiring licence; and

(c)which would take effect immediately after the expiry date.

(3)For the purposes of subsection (2) above, a “valid” application is one which complies with all the requirements of this Act in relation to the making of applications for licences of the type in question.

(4)The date referred to in subsection (1) above is whichever is the later of—

(a)if a new licence is granted (whether or not on the terms applied for), the date on which it takes effect;

(b)otherwise—

(i)except where the Secretary of State calls in an application under section 41 above, the expiry of the period for appealing under section 43 above, or if an appeal is brought, the date of its withdrawal; or

(ii)where the Secretary of State decides (under section 42 or 44 above) that no licence is to be granted, the date on which that decision is notified to the applicant.^F116]

[^F11846BPower to impose general conditions with respect to licensed activity by water companies

(1)The appropriate national authority may by regulations make provision for the purpose of securing that water industry licences under this Chapter have effect subject to—

(a)conditions specified in the regulations, or

(b)rules of general application specified in or made under the regulations.

(2)A condition or rule to which a licence is subject by virtue of regulations under this section is to be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as a provision of the licence.

(3)For the purposes of this section, a licence under this Chapter is a “water industry licence” if—

(a)it is held by a water undertaker or sewerage undertaker, or

(b)it is held by a water supply licensee or sewerage licensee, within the meaning of the Water Industry Act 1991, for the purposes of the activities to which its water supply licence or sewerage licence relates;

and regulations under this section may apply to water industry licences granted before the coming into force of this section.

(4)In this section, “the appropriate national authority” means—

(a)the Secretary of State, in relation to England;

(b)the Welsh Ministers, in relation to Wales.

(5)Section 219 (general provision about regulations) applies to the power of the Welsh Ministers under this section as it applies to that of the Secretary of State, with the necessary modifications (including the substitution of “Senedd Cymru” for “either House of Parliament” in subsection (1)).^F118]

47 Holders of licence.

(1)^F119Every licence under this Chapter ... shall specify the person to whom the licence is granted.

[^F120(2)The person to whom a licence under this Chapter is granted to abstract water or to obstruct or impede any inland waters is the holder of the licence for the purposes of this Act, subject to sections 59A to 59C and 67 below.^F120]

^F121(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48 General effect of licence._cross-notes

(1)For the purposes of this Chapter a person who is for the time being the holder of a licence under this Chapter to abstract water shall be taken to have a right to abstract water to the extent authorised by the licence and in accordance with the provisions contained in it.

(2)In any action brought against a person in respect of the abstraction of water from a source of supply[^F122(other than an abstraction in respect of which a claim could be brought under section 48A below, in which case that section shall apply)^F122] , it shall be a defence, subject to paragraph 2 of Schedule 7 to this Act, for him to prove—

(a)that the water was abstracted in pursuance of a licence under this Chapter; and

(b)that the provisions of the licence were complied with.

(3)In any action brought against a person in respect of any obstruction or impeding of the flow of any inland waters at any point by means of impounding works, it shall be a defence for him to prove—

(a)that the flow was so obstructed or impeded in pursuance of a licence under this Chapter;

(b)that the obstructing or impeding was in the manner specified in that licence and to an extent not exceeding the extent so specified; and

(c)that the other requirements of the licence (if any) were complied with.

(4)Nothing in subsection (2) or (3) above shall exonerate a person from any action for negligence or breach of contract.

[^F12348ACivil remedies for loss or damage due to water abstraction_cross-notes

(1)Subject to subsection (7) below and to section 79 (including that section as applied by section 79A(9)) below, a person who abstracts water from any inland waters or underground strata (an “abstractor”) shall not by that abstraction cause loss or damage to another person.

(2)A person who suffers such loss or damage (a “relevant person”) may bring a claim against the abstractor.

(3)Such a claim shall be treated as one in tort for breach of statutory duty.

(4)In proceedings in respect of a claim under this section, the court may not grant an injunction against the abstractor if that would risk interrupting the supply of water to the public, or would put public health or safety at risk.

(5)Except as provided in this section, no claim may be made in civil proceedings by a person (whether or not a relevant person) against an abstractor in respect of loss or damage caused by his abstraction of water.

(6)Nothing in this section prevents or affects a claim for negligence or breach of contract.

(7)This section does not apply, and no claim may be brought under this section, where the loss or damage is caused by an abstractor acting in pursuance of a licence under this Chapter and is loss or damage—

(a)in respect of which a person is entitled to bring a claim under section 60 below (or would be so entitled if there were a breach of the duty referred to in that section);

(b)in respect of which a person would have been entitled to bring a claim under section 60 below but for an express provision (including, for example, section 39(1A) above and section 59C(6) below) disapplying that duty; or

(c)constituting grounds on which a person is entitled to apply to the Secretary of State under section 55 below (or would be so entitled but for subsection (2) of that section) for the revocation or variation of that licence,

but without prejudice to the application of section 48 above.^F123]

Succession to licences

^F12449 Succession to licences to abstract where person ceases to occupy the relevant land.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^F12550 Succession where person becomes occupier of part of the relevant land.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Modification of licences

51 Modification on application of licence holder._cross-notes

(1)The holder of a licence under this Chapter [^F126to abstract water^F126] may apply to the [^F127appropriate agency^F127] to revoke the licence and, on any such application, the [^F127appropriate agency^F127] shall revoke the licence accordingly.

[^F128(1A)The holder of a licence under this Chapter to obstruct or impede the flow of inland waters (an “impounding licence”) may apply to the [^F127appropriate agency^F127] to revoke the licence and, on any such application, the [^F127appropriate agency^F127] may revoke the licence accordingly.

(1B)The [^F127appropriate agency^F127] may require conditions to be met to its satisfaction before revocation of the impounding licence takes effect, and those conditions may in particular include conditions—

(a)requiring the removal of all or part of the impounding works;

(b)as to the restoration of the site of the impounding works to a state which is satisfactory to the [^F127appropriate agency^F127];

(c)relating to the inland waters the flow of which is obstructed or impeded by means of the impounding works.

(1C)The person making an application under subsection (1A) above (“the applicant”) may by notice appeal to the Secretary of State if—

(a)he is dissatisfied with the decision of the [^F127appropriate agency^F127] as to—

(i)whether his licence may be revoked; or

(ii)any conditions imposed by virtue of subsection (1B) above; or

(b)the [^F127appropriate agency^F127] fails to give notice of its decision to the applicant within the prescribed period or within such extended period as may be agreed in writing between the [^F127appropriate agency^F127] and the applicant.

(1D)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision with respect to—

(a)the manner in which notices of appeal under subsection (1C) above shall be served;

(b)the period within which such notices shall be served;

(c)the procedure on any such appeal.

(1E)Where an appeal is brought under subsection (1C) above, the Secretary of State may—

(a)allow or dismiss the appeal or reverse or vary any part of the decision of the [^F127appropriate agency^F127], whether the appeal relates to that part of the decision or not; and

(b)may deal with the application as if it had been made to him in the first place.

(1F)The decision of the Secretary of State on any appeal under subsection (1C) above shall be final.

(1G)Subsections (1C) to (1F) above are subject to section 114 of the 1995 Act (delegation or reference of appeals).^F128]

(2)The holder of a licence under this Chapter may apply to the [^F127appropriate agency^F127] to vary the licence.

[^F129(2A)An application may not be made under subsection (2) above to convert an abstractionlicence of one type into an abstractionlicence of a different type.^F129]

(3)Subject to subsection (4) below, the provisions of sections 37 to 44 above shall apply (with the necessary modifications) to applications under subsection (2) above, and to the variation of licences in pursuance of such applications, as they apply to applications for, and the grant of, licences under this Chapter.

(4)Where the variation proposed in an application under subsection (2) above is limited to reducing the quantity of water authorised to be abstracted in pursuance of the licence during one or more periods—

(a)sections 37 and 38(1) above shall not apply by virtue of subsection (3) above; and

(b)sections 43 and 44 above, as applied by that subsection, shall have effect as if subsection (5) of section 43 and paragraph (a) of section 44(3) were omitted.

52 Proposals for modification at instance of the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] or Secretary of State._cross-notes

(1)Where it appears to the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] that a licence under this Chapter should be revoked or varied, the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] may formulate proposals for revoking or varying the licence.

[^F131(1A)In the case of a licence to obstruct or impede any inland waters, a variation may take the form of a requirement that the impounding works be modified in ways specified in the proposed new provision of the licence.^F131]

(2)Where—

(a)it appears to the Secretary of State (either in consequence of representations made to the Secretary of State or otherwise) that a licence under this Chapter ought to be reviewed; but

(b)no proposals for revoking or varying the licence have been formulated by the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] under subsection (1) above,

the Secretary of State may, as he may consider appropriate in the circumstances, give the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] a direction under subsection (3) below.

(3)A direction under this subsection may—

(a)direct the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] to formulate proposals for revoking the licence in question; or

(b)direct the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] to formulate proposals for varying that licence in such manner as may be specified in the direction.

(4)Notice in the prescribed form of any proposals formulated under this section with respect to any licence shall—

(a)be served on the holder of the licence; and

[^F132(b)be published in the prescribed way or (if no way is prescribed) in a way calculated to bring it to the attention of persons likely to be affected if the licence were revoked or varied as proposed.^F132]

(5)If—

(a)a licence with respect to which any proposals are formulated under this section relates to any inland waters; and

(b)the proposals provide for variation of that licence,

a copy of the notice for the purposes of subsection (4) above shall, not later than the date on which it is first published [^F133as mentioned in subsection (4)(b) above^F133] , be served on any navigation authority, harbour authority or conservancy authority having functions in relation to those waters at a place where the licence, if varied in accordance with the proposals, would authorise water to be abstracted or impounded.

[^F134(6)A notice for the purposes of subsection (4) above shall—

(a)include any prescribed matters; and

(b)state that, before the end of a period specified in the notice—

(i)the holder of the licence may give notice in writing to the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] objecting to the proposals; and

(ii)any other person may make representations in writing to the [^F130appropriate agency^F130] with respect to the proposals.^F134]

[^F135(7)The period referred to in subsection (6)(b) above—

(a)begins on the date the notice referred to in subsection (4) above is first published as mentioned there; and

(b)shall not end before the end of the period of twenty-eight days beginning with that date.^F135]

^F136(8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

53 Modification in pursuance of proposals under section 52._cross-notes

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this section, where the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] has formulated any proposals under section 52 above with respect to any licence under this Chapter, it may—

(a)if the proposals are for the revocation of the licence, revoke the licence; and

(b)if the proposals are proposals for varying the licence, vary the licence in accordance with those proposals or, with the consent of the holder of the licence, in any other way.

(2)The [^F137appropriate agency^F137] shall not proceed with any proposals formulated under section 52 above before the end of the period specified, in accordance with subsection (7) of that section, for the purposes in relation to those proposals of subsection (6) of that section.

(3)If no notice under subsection (4) below is given to the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] before the end of the period mentioned in subsection (2) above, the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] may proceed with the proposals.

(4)If the holder of the licence gives notice to the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] objecting to the proposals before the end of the period mentioned in subsection (2) above, the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] shall refer the proposals to the Secretary of State, with a copy of the notice of objection.

(5)Where the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] proceeds with any proposals under subsection (3) above and the proposals are proposals for varying the licence, the provisions of sections 38(3), 39(1) and (2) and 40 above shall apply (with the necessary modifications) to any action of the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] in proceeding with the proposals as they apply to the action of the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] in dealing with an application for a licence.

54 Reference of modification proposals to the Secretary of State._cross-notes

(1)Where any proposals of the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] with respect to a licence are referred to the Secretary of State in accordance with subsection (4) of section 53 above, the Secretary of State shall consider—

(a)the proposals;

(b)the objection of the holder of the licence; and

(c)any representations in writing relating to the proposals which were received by the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] before the end of the period mentioned in subsection (2) of that section,

and, subject to subsection (2) below, shall determine (according to whether the proposals are for the revocation or variation of the licence) the question whether the licence should be revoked or the question whether it should be varied as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) of that section.

(2)Before determining under this section whether a licence should be revoked or varied in a case in which proposals have been formulated under section 52 above, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit—

(a)cause a local inquiry to be held; or

(b)afford to the holder of the licence and the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] an opportunity of appearing before, and being heard by, a person appointed by the Secretary of State for the purpose;

and the Secretary of State shall act as mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) above if a request is made by the holder of the licence or the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] to be heard with respect to the proposals.

(3)In determining under this section whether a licence should be varied and, if so, what directions should be given under subsection (5) below, the Secretary of State shall consider whether any such direction would require such a variation of the licence as would so authorise—

(a)the abstraction of water; or

(b)the flow of any inland waters to be obstructed or impeded by means of impounding works,

as to derogate from rights which, at the time when the direction is given, are protected rights for the purposes of this Chapter.

(4)The provisions of sections 39(2) and 40 above shall apply in relation to any proposals referred to the Secretary of State in accordance with section 53(4) above as if in those provisions—

(a)any reference to the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] were a reference to the Secretary of State;

(b)any reference to the application were a reference to the proposals; and

(c)the references to sections 38(3) and 39(1) were references to subsections (1) and (3) above.

(5)Where the decision of the Secretary of State on a reference in accordance with section 53(4) above is that the licence in question should be revoked or varied, the decision shall include a direction to the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] to revoke the licence or, as the case may be, to vary it so as to contain such provisions as may be specified in the direction.

(6)A decision of the Secretary of State under this section with respect to any proposals shall be final.

55 Application for modification of licence by owner of fishing rights._cross-notes

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this section and to Schedule 7 to this Act, where a licence under this Chapter authorises abstraction from any inland waters in respect of which no minimum acceptable flow has been determined under Chapter I of this Part, any person who is the owner of fishing rights in respect of those inland waters may apply to the Secretary of State for the revocation or variation of the licence.

(2)No application shall be made under this section in respect of any licence except at a time after the end of the period of one year beginning with the date on which the licence was granted but before a minimum acceptable flow has been determined in relation to the waters in question.

(3)Any application under this section made by a person as owner of fishing rights in respect of any inland waters shall be made on the grounds that, in his capacity as owner of those rights, he has sustained loss or damage which is directly attributable to the abstraction of water in pursuance of the licence in question and either—

(a)he is not entitled to a protected right for the purposes of this Chapter in respect of those inland waters; or

(b)the loss or damage which he has sustained in his capacity as owner of those rights is not attributable to any such breach of statutory duty as is mentioned in subsection (2) or (3) of section 60 below or is in addition to any loss or damage attributable to any such breach.

(4)Where an application is made under this section in respect of any licence, the applicant shall serve notice in the prescribed form on the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] and on the holder of the licence, stating that each of them is entitled, at any time before the end of the period of twenty-eight days beginning with the date of service of the notice, to make representations in writing to the Secretary of State with respect to the application.

(5)In this section and section 56 below “fishing rights”, in relation to any inland waters, means any right (whether it is an exclusive right or a right in common with one or more other persons) to fish in those waters, where the right in question—

(a)constitutes or is included in an interest in land; or

(b)is exercisable by virtue of an exclusive licence granted for valuable consideration;

and any reference to an owner of fishing rights is a reference to the person for the time being entitled to those rights.

(6)In this section any reference to a right included in an interest in land is a reference to a right which is exercisable only by virtue of, and as a right incidental to, the ownership of that interest.

56 Determination of application under section 55._cross-notes

(1)The Secretary of State, in determining any application under section 55 above in respect of any licence, shall take into account any representations in writing received by him, within the period mentioned in subsection (4) of that section, from the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] or from the holder of the licence.

(2)Before determining on an application under section 55 above whether a licence should be revoked or varied the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit—

(a)cause a local inquiry to be held; or

(b)afford to the applicant, the holder of the licence and the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] an opportunity of appearing before, and being heard by, a person appointed by the Secretary of State for the purpose;

and the Secretary of State shall act as mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) above if a request is made by the applicant, the holder of the licence or the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] to be heard with respect to the proposals.

(3)Subject to subsections (4) and (5) below, on an application under section 55 above in respect of any licence, the Secretary of State shall not determine that the licence shall be revoked or varied unless—

(a)the grounds of the application, as mentioned in subsection (3) of that section, are established to his satisfaction; and

(b)he is satisfied that the extent of the loss or damage which the applicant has sustained, as mentioned in that subsection, is such as to justify the revocation or variation of the licence.

(4)On an application under section 55 above in respect of any licence, the Secretary of State shall not determine that the licence shall be revoked or varied if he is satisfied that the fact that the abstraction of water in pursuance of the licence caused the loss or damage which the applicant has sustained, as mentioned in subsection (3) of that section, was wholly or mainly attributable to exceptional shortage of rain or to an accident or other unforeseen act or event not caused by, and outside the control of, the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] .

(5)Where the Secretary of State determines, on an application under section 55 above, that a licence shall be varied, the variation shall be limited to that which, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, is requisite having regard to the loss or damage which the applicant has sustained as mentioned in subsection (3) of that section.

(6)Where the decision of the Secretary of State on an application under section 55 above in respect of any licence is that the licence should be revoked or varied, the decision shall include a direction to the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] to revoke the licence or, as the case may be, to vary it so as to contain such provisions as may be specified in the direction.

(7)A decision of the Secretary of State on an application under section 55 above shall be final.

57 Emergency variation of licences for spray irrigation purposes._cross-notes

(1)This section applies where at any time—

(a)one or more licences under this Chapter are in force in relation to a source of supply authorising water abstracted in pursuance of the licences to be used for the purpose of spray irrigation, or for that purpose together with other purposes; and

(b)by reason of exceptional shortage of rain or other emergency, it appears to the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] that it is necessary to impose a temporary restriction on the abstraction of water for use for that purpose.

(2)Subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, where this section applies the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] may serve a notice on the holder of any of the licences reducing, during such period as may be specified in the notice, the quantity of water authorised to be abstracted in pursuance of the licence from the source of supply for use for the purpose of spray irrigation; and, in relation to that period, the licence shall have effect accordingly subject to that reduction.

(3)The [^F137appropriate agency^F137] shall not serve a notice under this section in respect of abstraction of water from underground strata unless it appears to the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] that such abstraction is likely to affect the flow, level or volume of any inland waters which are [^F138not discrete waters^F138] .

(4)In the exercise of the power conferred by this section in a case where there are two or more licences under this Chapter in force authorising abstraction from the same source of supply either at the same point or at points which, in the opinion of the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] , are not far distant from each other—

(a)the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] shall not serve a notice under this section on the holder of one of the licences unless a like notice is served on the holders of the other licences in respect of the same period; and

(b)the reductions imposed by the notices on the holders of the licences shall be so calculated as to represent, as nearly as appears to the [^F137appropriate agency^F137] to be practicable, the same proportion of the quantity of water authorised by the licences (apart from the notices) to be abstracted for use for the purpose of spray irrigation.

(5)The provisions of this section shall have effect without prejudice to the exercise of any power conferred by sections 51 to 54 above.

^F13958

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59 Regulations with respect to modification applications.

(1)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision as to the manner in which applications for the revocation or variation of licences under this Chapter are to be dealt with, including provision requiring the giving of notices of, and information relating to, the making of such applications or decisions on any such applications.

(2)Subsection (1) above shall have effect subject to any express provision contained in, or having effect by virtue of, any other enactment contained in this Chapter; and any regulations made under this section shall have effect subject to any such express provision.

[^F140Transfer and apportionment of licences

59ATransfer of licence_cross-notes

(1)The following licences—

(a)a full licence;

(b)a transfer licence; or

(c)a licence to obstruct or impede the flow of inland waters by means of impounding works,

may be transferred by the holder of the licence to another person (“the transferee”) in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(2)The holder and the proposed transferee shall give notice (a “transfer notice”) to the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] of their agreement that the licence should be transferred.

(3)The transfer notice shall include—

(a)such information as the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] reasonably requires; and

(b)(in the case of the transfer of a full licence or of a transfer licence) a declaration by the proposed transferee that—

(i)he has, or at the time when the proposed transfer is to take effect will have, a right of access in relation to each point of abstraction; and

(ii)he will continue to have such a right for the period of at least one year beginning with the date on which the proposed transfer is to take effect, or until the licence is to expire (if sooner),

and may specify the date on which the holder and the transferee wish the transfer to take effect.

(4)If the holder is a person in whom the licence has vested under section 59B below, a transfer notice shall be of no effect unless the notice required by section 59B(4) has been given.

(5)Subject to subsection (4) above, if the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] receives a transfer notice which complies with the requirements of subsections (2) and (3) above, the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] shall amend the licence by substituting the name of the transferee as holder of the licence.

(6)The transfer shall take effect—

(a)from the date on which the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] amends the licence; or

(b)from the date specified in the transfer notice, if later.

(7)Nothing in this section shall affect the liability of the holder of the licence for any failure by him, before the transfer took effect, to comply with any condition or requirement of that licence.

(8)In this section—

• “point of abstraction” means a place where the licence authorises water to be abstracted from inland waters or (as the case may be) a place consisting of or comprising underground strata from which the licence authorises water to be abstracted; and

• “right of access” means, in relation to a point of abstraction, a right of access to land of the kind referred to in subsection (2)(a) or, as the case may be, (3)(a) of section 35 above; and references to a person who will have such a right of access shall be construed in accordance with that section (including subsections (4) to (6)).

59BVesting of licence on death or bankruptcy of holder

(1)On the death of the holder of a licence under this Chapter, the licence shall be regarded as property forming part of the deceased’s personal estate, whether or not it would be so regarded apart from this subsection, and shall accordingly vest in his personal representatives.

(2)If a bankruptcy order is made against the holder of a licence under this Chapter, the licence shall be regarded for the purposes of any of the Second Group of Parts of the Insolvency Act 1986 (insolvency of individuals; bankruptcy) as property forming part of the bankrupt’s estate, whether or not it would be so regarded apart from this subsection, and shall accordingly vest as such in the trustee in bankruptcy.

(3)A person in whom a licence vests under this section shall become the holder of the licence, in place of the prior holder, from the date of the vesting.

(4)Where a licence other than a temporary licence vests in any person under this section, that person shall give notice of that fact to the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] not later than the end of the period of fifteen months beginning with the date of the vesting.

(5)If—

(a)a licence vests in any person under this section; but

(b)that person fails to give the notice required by subsection (4) above within the period mentioned there,

the licence shall cease to have effect.

59CApportionment of licence to abstract_cross-notes

(1)The holder of a full licence or of a transfer licence (the “old licence”) may apply to the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] for the division of the holder’s right to abstract water in accordance with the old licence and for the transfer—

(a)to another person of part, or to a number of other persons of parts not amounting to the whole; or

(b)to a number of other persons of parts amounting in all to the whole,

of that right.

(2)The holder of the old licence and any person proposing to carry on a part of the abstraction authorised by the old licence in place of the holder (a “successor”) shall give notice to the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] of their agreement to the division and transfer (an “apportionment notice”).

(3)The apportionment notice shall, in relation to the abstraction authorised by the old licence—

(a)specify, for each proposed successor, what quantity of water he proposes to abstract, and (if the holder of the old licence is to continue the abstraction in part) what quantity of water he proposes to abstract;

(b)specify the purpose or purposes for which those persons referred to in paragraph (a) above who would require a new licence granted under subsection (5) below would abstract water (being one or more of the purposes for which abstraction is authorised under the old licence);

(c)specify the point (or points) of abstraction from which it is proposed that the persons referred to in paragraph (a) above would abstract water (being one or more of the points from which abstraction is authorised under the old licence);

(d)include a declaration by each of those persons who requires a licence under this Chapter in order to carry on the abstraction that—

(i)he has, or at the time when the proposed grant to him of a new licence under subsection (5) below is to take effect will have, a right of access in relation to each such point of abstraction; and

(ii)he will continue to have such a right for the period of at least one year beginning with the date on which the new licence is to take effect, or until it is to expire (if sooner); and

(e)include such other information as the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] reasonably requires,

and may specify the date on which the holder and the successor (or successors) wish the division and transfer (or transfers) to take effect.

(4)The apportionment notice shall be accompanied by an application on the part of the holder of the old licence for its revocation.

(5)Subject to subsection (9) below, if the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] receives an apportionment notice and the application for revocation referred to in subsection (4) above, the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] shall—

(a)revoke the old licence;

(b)if the holder is to continue the abstraction in part and a licence is required under this Chapter for that purpose, grant to the holder of the old licence a licence relating to that part of the abstraction; and

(c)grant to each successor who requires a licence under this Chapter in order to carry on his part of the abstraction a licence relating to that part of the abstraction.

(6)Sections 34 to 45 above shall not apply to the grant of a new licence under subsection (5) above.

(7)Subject to section 46 above and to any provision of regulations made under section 59D(1) below, each new licence to be granted under subsection (5) above shall be granted subject to provisions which correspond as nearly as practicable to those of the old licence in relation to the part of the abstraction to be authorised by the new licence.

(8)The revocation of the old licence and the grant of the new licences shall take effect—

(a)from the date on which the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] revokes the old licence and grants the new ones; or

(b)from the date specified in the apportionment notice, if later.

(9)The [^F141appropriate agency^F141] shall not grant a new licence to the holder of the old licence or to a successor if, by virtue of an exemption, the restriction on abstraction would not apply to that part of the abstraction proposed in relation to him in the apportionment notice.

(10)For the purposes of this Chapter, a person (whether the holder of the old licence or a successor) who proposes to carry on a part of the abstraction in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (9) above shall, if the old licence was a full licence, be taken to have the right to do so in relation to that part, subject to subsection (11) below.

(11)For the purposes of this Chapter, a person shall cease to be taken to have a right, by virtue of subsection (10) above, to carry on an abstraction if—

(a)during a period mentioned in subsection (12) below that person does not carry out any such abstraction; or

(b)following an order under section 27A(1) above or regulations under section 33A above, that person is granted a full licence in respect of abstraction from the same point.

(12)The period referred to in subsection (11)(a) above is—

(a)four years; or

(b)if the abstractions authorised under the old licence were abstractions planned to be carried out at intervals of more than four years, or abstractions for emergency purposes only, such longer period as the [^F141appropriate agency^F141] may determine on the application of the person in question.

(13)For the purposes of section 39A above, a new licence granted under subsection (5) above shall be treated—

(a)as if it had been granted at the time the old licence was granted; and

(b)as if it and any other new licence granted by virtue of the relevant apportionment notice had been granted in place of the old licence.

(14)In this section—

• “exemption” means the disapplication of the restriction on abstraction under or by virtue of section 27 or 33A above; and

• “point of abstraction” and “right of access” have the same meanings as in section 59A above.

59DApportionment of licence to abstract: supplementary

(1)The Secretary of State may make regulations about the provisions to be contained in licences granted under section 59C above.

(2)Nothing in section 59C above shall affect the liability of the holder of the old licence for any failure by him, before the revocation of that licence took effect, to comply with any condition or requirement of that licence.

(3)If the holder of the old licence is a person in whom the old licence has vested under section 59B above, an apportionment notice shall be of no effect unless the notice required by section 59B(4) has been given.

(4)In this section, “apportionment notice” and “old licence” have the same meanings as in section 59C above.^F140]

Remedies and compensation in respect of infringement of protected rights etc.

60 Liability of the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] for derogation from protected right._cross-notes

(1)A breach of the duty imposed by subsection (1) of section 39 above (including that duty as applied by section 51(3) or 53(5) above) shall neither invalidate the grant or variation of a licence nor be enforceable by any criminal proceedings, by prohibition or injunction or by action against any person other than the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] .

(2)Instead, the duty referred to in subsection (1) above shall be enforceable, at the suit of any person entitled to a protected right for the purposes of this Chapter, by an action against the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] for damages for breach of statutory duty.

(3)Where under any provision of this Chapter, the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] is directed by the Secretary of State to grant or vary a licence, and the licence, as granted or varied in compliance with the direction, authorises derogation from protected rights, then—

(a)the grant or variation of the licence shall, as between the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] and the person entitled to those rights, have effect as a breach on the part of the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] of a statutory duty not to authorise derogation from those rights; and

(b)subsection (2) above shall apply in relation to that statutory duty as it applies in relation to the duty imposed by section 39(1) above.

(4)Subsection (3) above shall be without prejudice to the duty of the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] , to comply with the direction in question, but that duty shall not afford any defence in an action brought by virtue of paragraph (b) of that subsection.

(5)In any action brought against the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] in pursuance of this section it shall be a defence for the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] to show that the fact, as the case may be—

(a)that the abstraction of water authorised by the licence, as granted or varied by the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] , derogated from the plaintiff’s protected right; or

(b)that the obstruction or impeding of the flow of the inland waters authorised by the licence, as so granted or varied, derogated from the plaintiff’s protected right,

was wholly or mainly attributable to exceptional shortage of rain or to an accident or other unforeseen act or event not caused by, and outside the control of, the [^F142appropriate agency^F142] .

(6)This section has effect subject to the provision made by Schedule 7 to this Act.

(7)In this section any reference to authorising a derogation from protected rights is a reference to so authorising—

(a)the abstraction of water; or

(b)the flow of any inland waters to be obstructed or impeded by means of impounding works,

as to derogate from rights which, at the time of the authorisation, are protected rights for the purposes of this Chapter.

61 Compensation where licence modified on direction of the Secretary of State._cross-notes

(1)Where a licence[^F143held by a person other than a water undertaker or sewerage undertaker^F143] is revoked or varied in pursuance of a direction under section 54 or [^F14456^F144] above and it is shown that the holder of the licence—

(a)has incurred expenditure in carrying out work which is rendered abortive by the revocation or variation; or

(b)has otherwise sustained loss or damage which is directly attributable to the revocation or variation,

the [^F145appropriate agency^F145] shall pay him compensation in respect of that expenditure, loss or damage.

(2)For the purposes of this section, any expenditure incurred in the preparation of plans for the purposes of any work, or upon other similar matters preparatory to any work, shall be taken to be included in the expenditure incurred in carrying out that work.

(3)Subject to subsection (2) above and to Schedule 7 to this Act, no compensation shall be paid under this section—

(a)in respect of any work carried out before the grant of the licence which is revoked or varied; or

(b)in respect of any other loss or damage arising out of anything done or omitted to be done before the grant of that licence.

(4)No compensation shall be payable under this section in respect of a licence to abstract water, if it is shown that no water was abstracted in pursuance of the licence during the period of [^F146four^F146]years ending with the date on which notice of the proposals for revoking or varying the licence was served on the holder of the licence.

[^F147(4A)No compensation shall be payable under this section in respect of the variation of a full licence, or of a transfer licence which specifies a minimum value under section 46(2A) above, so as to reduce the quantity of water which the holder of the licence is authorised by the licence to abstract from the source of supply to which the licence relates if—

(a)the ground for varying the licence is that the Secretary of State is satisfied that the variation is necessary in order to protect the availability of water in the source of supply to which the licence relates;

(b)the variation does not reduce the quantity of water which the holder of the licence is authorised by the licence to abstract to less than the minimum value specified in the licence under section 46(2A) above for the purposes of this subsection; and

(c)the conditions set out in subsection (4B) below are satisfied.

(4B)Those conditions are that—

(a)the licence was granted after the coming into force of section 19 of the Water Act 2003;

(b)the variation is made no sooner than the end of the period of six years beginning with the date on which the licence took effect; and

(c)the variation takes effect no sooner than the end of the period of six years beginning with the date of the variation.^F147]

(5)^M10Any question of disputed compensation under this section shall be referred to and determined by the [^F148Upper Tribunal^F148] ; and in relation to the determination of any such compensation the provisions of [^F149section^F149] 4 of the Land Compensation Act 1961 shall apply, subject to any necessary modifications.

(6)For the purpose of assessing any compensation under this section, in so far as that compensation is in respect of loss or damage consisting of depreciation of the value of an interest in land, the rules set out in section 5 of the Land Compensation Act 1961 shall, so far as applicable and subject to any necessary modifications, have effect as they have effect for the purpose of assessing compensation for the compulsory acquisition of an interest in land.

(7)Where the interest in land, in respect of which any compensation falls to be assessed in accordance with subsection (6) above, is subject to a mortgage—

(a)the compensation shall be assessed as if the interest were not subject to the mortgage;

(b)a claim for the compensation may be made by any mortgagee of the interest, but without prejudice to the making of a claim by the person entitled to the interest;

(c)no such compensation shall be payable in respect of the interest of the mortgagee (as distinct from the interest which is subject to the mortgage);

(d)any such compensation which is payable in respect of the interest which is subject to the mortgage shall be paid to the mortgagee or, if there is more than one mortgagee, to the first mortgagee, and shall in either case be applied by him as if it were proceeds of sale.

[^F15061ZANo compensation where modification to protect environment: England

(1)This section applies where—

(a)a relevant licence is revoked or varied on or after 1 January 2028 in pursuance of a direction under section 54 or 56, and

(b)the ground for revoking or varying the licence is that the Secretary of State is satisfied the revocation or variation is necessary—

(i)having regard to a relevant environmental objective, or

(ii)to otherwise protect the water environment from damage.

(2)A “relevant licence” is a licence to abstract water that—

(a)is to abstract water in England only, and

(b)is to remain in force until revoked.

(3)Where this section applies, no compensation is payable under section 61 in respect of the revocation or variation of the licence.

(4)In this section the “water environment” means—

(a)any inland waters (including, in relation to a lake, pond, river or watercourse that is for the time being dry, its bottom, channel or bed),

(b)any water contained in underground strata,

(c)any underground strata themselves,

or any flora or fauna dependent on any of them.

(5)In this section “relevant environmental objective” means an environmental objective within the meaning of whichever of the following is applicable—

(a)the Water Environment (Water Framework Directive) (England and Wales) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/407);

(b)the Water Environment (Water Framework Directive) (Solway Tweed River Basin District) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/99);

(c)the Water Environment (Water Framework Directive) (Northumbria River Basin District) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/3245).

61ZBNo compensation where variation to remove excess headroom: England

(1)This section applies if a relevant licence is varied in pursuance of a direction under section 54 on or after 1 January 2028 so as to reduce the quantity of water the holder is authorised to abstract.

(2)A “relevant licence” is a licence to abstract water that—

(a)is to abstract water in England only, and

(b)is to remain in force until revoked.

(3)No compensation is payable under section 61 if—

(a)in each year during the 12 year period ending with the relevant date, the quantity of water abstracted in pursuance of the licence did not exceed 75% of the quantity of water the holder was authorised to abstract in that year, and

(b)the ground for varying the licence is that the Secretary of State is satisfied the variation does not reduce the quantity of water the holder is authorised to abstract to a level below that which the holder reasonably requires.

(4)In subsection (3) the “relevant date” is the date on which the notice of the proposals for varying the licence was served on the holder of the licence.^F150]

^F15161ARecovery of compensation from new licence-holder

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62 Compensation for owner of fishing rights applying under section 55.

(1)Where a licence is revoked or varied on an application under section 55 above, the applicant shall be entitled to compensation from the [^F152appropriate agency^F152] in respect of the loss or damage which he has sustained as mentioned in subsection (3) of that section.

(2)Where, on an application under section 55 above for the revocation or variation of a licence, the Secretary of State determines—

(a)that the grounds of the application (as mentioned in subsection (3) of that section) have been established to his satisfaction; but

(b)that the licence shall not be revoked or varied in pursuance of that application,

he shall certify accordingly for the purposes of the following provisions of this section.

(3)Unless within the period of six months from the date on which a certificate under subsection (2) above is granted either—

(a)notice to treat for the acquisition of the fishing rights of the applicant, or of an interest in land which includes those rights, has been served by the [^F152appropriate agency^F152] ; or

(b)an offer has been made by the [^F152appropriate agency^F152] to the owner of those rights to acquire them on compulsory purchase terms or, where the rights subsist only as rights included in an interest in land, to acquire that interest on such terms,

the owner of the fishing rights shall be entitled to compensation from the [^F152appropriate agency^F152] .

(4)The amount of the compensation payable under subsection (3) above in respect of any fishing rights shall be the amount by which—

(a)the value of those rights; or

(b)where they subsist only as rights included in an interest in land, the value of that interest,

is depreciated by the operation of section 48(2) above in relation to the licence to which the application related.

(5)^M11Any question of disputed compensation under this section shall be referred to and determined by the [^F153Upper Tribunal^F153] ; and in relation to the determination of any such compensation the provisions of [^F154section^F154] 4 of the Land Compensation Act 1961 shall apply, subject to any necessary modifications.

(6)For the purposes of this section a right or interest is acquired on compulsory purchase terms if it is acquired on terms that the price payable shall be equal to and shall, in default of agreement, be determined in like manner as the compensation which would be payable in respect thereof if the right or interest were acquired compulsorily by the [^F152appropriate agency^F152] .

(7)Where—

(a)the Secretary of State, on an application under section 55 above, determines that the licence to which the application relates shall not be revoked or varied and grants a certificate under subsection (2) above; and

(b)notice to treat for the acquisition of the fishing rights to which the application related, or of an interest in land in which those rights are included, has been served by the [^F152appropriate agency^F152] within the period of six months from the date on which that certificate is granted,

then, for the purpose of assessing compensation in respect of any compulsory acquisition in pursuance of that notice to treat, no account shall be taken of any depreciation of the value of the fishing rights, or of the interest in question, which is applicable to the operation, in relation to that licence, of section 48(2) above.

(8)Subsections (5) and (6) of section 55 above shall apply for construing references in this section to fishing rights or to rights included in an interest in land as they have effect for construing such references in that section.

63 Secretary of State to indemnify [^F155appropriate agency^F155] in certain cases.

(1)Where—

(a)the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] is liable under section 60 above to pay damages to any person in consequence of the grant or variation of a licence in compliance with a direction given by the Secretary of State; and

(b)the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] pay to that person any sum in satisfaction of that liability,

then, whether an action for recovery of those damages has been brought or not, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit, pay to the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] the whole or such part as he considers appropriate of the relevant amount.

(2)If—

(a)proposals for revoking or varying the licence, in a case falling within subsection (1) above, are formulated by the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] , or an application with respect to any licence is made under section 55 above;

(b)in consequence of those proposals or that application, the licence is revoked or varied; and

(c)compensation in respect of the revocation or variation is payable by the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] under section 61 above,

the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit, pay to the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] the whole or such part as he considers appropriate of the relevant amount.

(3)Where—

(a)the Secretary of State determines under section 55 above—

(i)that a licence granted in compliance with a direction given by the Secretary of State shall be revoked or varied; or

(ii)that a licence shall not be revoked or varied;

and

(b)in consequence of that determination, compensation is payable by the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] under section 62 above,

the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit, pay to the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] the whole or such part as he considers appropriate of the relevant amount.

(4)In this section “the relevant amount” means—

(a)for the purposes of subsection (1) above, the amount of the sum paid by the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] and, if an action has been brought against the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] in respect of the liability mentioned in that subsection, the amount of any costs reasonably incurred by the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] in connection with the action (including any costs of the plaintiff which the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] was required to pay); and

(b)for the purposes of subsections (2) and (3) above, the amount of the compensation and, if any question relating to that compensation is referred to the [^F156Upper Tribunal^F156] , the amount of any costs reasonably incurred by the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] in connection with that reference (including any costs of the claimant which the [^F155appropriate agency^F155] is required to pay).

Supplemental provisions of Chapter II

64 Abstracting and impounding by the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] .

(1)The provisions of this Chapter shall have effect—

(a)in relation to the abstraction of water by the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] from sources of supply; and

[^F158(b)in relation to—

(i)the construction or alteration by the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] of impounding works; and

(ii)the obstruction or impeding by the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] of the flow of inland waters by means of impounding works,^F158]

subject to such exceptions and modifications as may be prescribed.

(2)Regulations under this section may, in particular, provide for securing—

(a)that any licence required by the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] in relation to the matters mentioned in subsection (1) above shall be granted (or be deemed to be granted) by the Secretary of State, and not be granted by the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] ;

(b)that, in such cases and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, any licence so required by the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] shall be deemed to be granted by the Secretary of State unless the Secretary of State requires an application for the licence to be made to him by the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] ; and

(c)that where a licence is deemed to be granted as mentioned in paragraph (b) above, the [^F157appropriate agency^F157] shall give such notice of that fact as may be prescribed.

(3)Without prejudice to the preceding provisions of this section, section 52 above shall not apply in relation to any licence which by virtue of any regulations under this section is granted or deemed to have been granted by the Secretary of State, except in accordance with regulations under this section.

65 Licences of right.

^M12,M13Schedule 7 to this Act shall have effect for the purposes of giving effect to provisions conferring an entitlement to licences under this Chapter and with respect to licences granted in pursuance of that entitlement or the entitlement conferred by section 33 of the Water Resources Act 1963 or paragraph 30 or 31 of Schedule 26 to the Water Act 1989.

66 Inland waters owned or managed by [^F159Canal & River Trust^F159] .

(1)This section applies to all inland waters owned or managed by [^F160Canal & River Trust^F160] , except any such inland waters to which the Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument direct that this section shall not apply.

(2)In respect of abstraction from any inland waters to which this section applies—

^F161(a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b)no person other than [^F162Canal & River Trust^F162] shall be entitled to apply for a licence under this Chapter;

(c)in relation to any application by [^F163Canal & River Trust^F163] for a licence under this Chapter—

(i)section 35 above shall not apply; and

(ii)section 37 above shall apply as if [^F164paragraphs (b) and (c), and the succeeding words, of subsection (3) of that section were omitted.^F164]

(3)Before making an order under subsection (1) above, the Secretary of State shall consult [^F165Canal & River Trust^F165] and the [^F166appropriate agency^F166] .

67 Ecclesiastical property.

(1)Where the relevant land[^F167is vested in the incumbent of a benefice^F167][^F168or (in the case of a licence under this Chapter to abstract water) where it is a benefice which has a right of access to the relevant land^F168] —

(a)an application for a licence under this Chapter may be made by the [^F169Diocesan Board of Finance for the diocese in which the land is situated^F169] if the benefice is for the time being vacant; and

(b)any reference in this Chapter to the applicant for a licence shall be construed—

(i)in relation to any time when the benefice in question is vacant, as a reference to the [^F169Diocesan Board of Finance for the diocese in which the land is situated^F169] ; and

(ii)in relation to any time when there is an incumbent of the benefice, as a reference to that incumbent.

(2)Where the relevant land[^F170is vested in the incumbent of a benefice^F170][^F168or (in the case of a licence under this Chapter to abstract water) where it is a benefice which has a right of access to the relevant land^F168] , any licence under this Chapter shall provide that (notwithstanding anything in the preceding provisions of this Chapter) whoever is for the time being the incumbent of the benefice shall be the holder of the licence.

(3)Where a licence under this Chapter provides as mentioned in subsection (2) above—

(a)the licence shall not be required to specify the person to whom the licence is granted; and

(b)the licence shall be deemed to be held by the [^F171Diocesan Board of Finance for the diocese in which the land is situated^F171] at any time when the benefice in question is vacant.

(4)So much of any compensation falling to be paid under this Chapter as is payable—

(a)in respect of damage to land which is ecclesiastical property and to the owner of the fee simple in the land; or

(b)in respect of depreciation of the value of the fee simple in land which is ecclesiastical property,

shall be paid (where the fee simple is vested in any person other than the [^F172Diocesan Board of Finance for the diocese in which the land is situated^F172] ) to [^F173it^F173] , instead of to the person in whom the fee simple is vested.

(5)Any sums paid under subsection (4) above to the [^F174Diocesan Board of Finance^F174] with reference to any land shall—

(a)if the land is not consecrated, be applied by [^F174it^F174] for the purposes for which the proceeds of a sale by agreement of the fee simple in the land would be applicable under any enactment or Measure authorising such a sale or disposing of the proceeds of such a sale; and

(b)if the land is consecrated, be applied by [^F174it^F174][^F174as if the land had been sold under the Pastoral Measure 1983^F174] .

(6)Where—

(a)[^F175a Diocesan Board of Finance is^F175] required, by virtue of subsection (3)(b) above, to pay any fee or other charge in respect of a licence under this Chapter; and

(b)any moneys are then payable by the [^F176Board^F176] to the incumbent of the benefice in question or subsequently become so payable,

the [^F176Board^F176] shall be entitled to retain out of those moneys an amount not exceeding the amount of that fee or other charge.

(7)Where under any provision of this Chapter a document is required to be served on an owner of land and the land is ecclesiastical property, a copy of the document shall be served on the [^F177Diocesan Board of Finance for the diocese in which the land is situated^F177] .

(8)In this section —

• “benefice” means an ecclesiastical benefice of the Church of England;

• “ecclesiastical property” means land which—

  (a)

  belongs to a benefice;

  (b)

  is or forms part of a church subject to the jurisdiction of the bishop of any diocese of the Church of England or the site of a church so subject; or

  (c)

  is or forms part of a burial ground so subject;

  and

• “the relevant land”, in relation to a licence under this Chapter or an application for such a licence, means—

  (a)

  [^F178the land to which an applicant for a licence to abstract water is required by section 35 above to have a right of access; or^F178]

  (b)

  in the case of a licence for the purposes of section 25 above or an application for such a licence—

  (i)

  the land on which any part of the impounding works[^F179is, or^F179] is to be, or is proposed to be, constructed; or

  (ii)

  in relation to an alteration of impounding works, the land on which any part of those works is situated or is to be, or is proposed to be, situated.

^F18068

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69 Validity of decisions of Secretary of State and related proceedings.

(1)Except as provided by the following provisions of this section, the validity of a decision of the Secretary of State on—

(a)any appeal to the Secretary of State under this Chapter; or

(b)any reference to the Secretary of State in pursuance of a direction under section 41 above or in pursuance of section 53(4) above,

shall not be questioned in any legal proceedings whatsoever.

(2)If, in the case of any such appeal or reference, the [^F181appropriate agency^F181] or the other party desires to question the validity of the decision of the Secretary of State on the grounds—

(a)that the decision is not within the powers of this Act; or

(b)that any of the requirements of, or of any regulations made under, this Chapter which are applicable to the appeal or reference have not been complied with,

the [^F181appropriate agency^F181] or, as the case may be, the other party may, at any time within the period of six weeks beginning with the date on which the decision is made, make an application to the High Court under this section.

(3)On any application under this section, the High Court may by interim order suspend the operation of the decision to which the application relates until the final determination of the proceedings.

(4)If the High Court is satisfied, on an application under this section—

(a)that the decision to which the application relates is not within the powers of this Act; or

(b)that the interests of the person making the application under this section have been substantially prejudiced by a failure to comply with any of the requirements mentioned in subsection (2)(b) above,

the High Court may quash the decision.

^F182(5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(6)In this section—

• “decision” includes a direction; and

• “other party” —

(a)in relation to an appeal, means the appellant;

(b)in relation to a reference in pursuance of a direction under section 41 above, means the applicant for the licence or, where that section applies by virtue of section 51(3) above, for the revocation or variation; and

(c)in relation to a reference in pursuance of section 53(4) above, means (subject, without prejudice to their application to the other provisions of this Chapter, to subsections (6) and (7) of section 25 above) the holder of the licence.

70 Civil liability under Chapter II.

^M14Except in so far as this Act otherwise expressly provides and subject to the provisions of section 18 of the Interpretation Act 1978 (which relates to offences under two or more laws), the restrictions imposed by sections [^F18324 and 25^F183] above shall not be construed as—

(a)conferring a right of action in any civil proceedings (other than proceedings for the recovery of a fine) in respect of any contravention of those restrictions;

(b)affecting any restriction imposed by or under any other enactment, whether contained in a public general Act or in a local or private Act; or

(c)derogating from any right of action or other remedy (whether civil or criminal) in proceedings instituted otherwise than under this Chapter.

71 Modification of local enactments.

(1)If it appears to the Secretary of State by whom an order is made under a provision of this Chapter to which this section applies that any local enactment passed or made before the relevant date—

(a)is inconsistent with any of the provisions of that order; or

(b)requires to be amended or adapted, having regard to any of the provisions of that order,

the Secretary of State may by order repeal, amend or adapt that enactment to such extent, or in such manner, as he may consider appropriate.

(2)Any order under this section may include such transitional, incidental, supplementary and consequential provisions as the Secretary of State may consider necessary or expedient.

(3)The power to make an order under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(4)^F184This section applies to the following provisions of this Chapter, that is to say, sections ... 66, 68 and 72(5).

(5)In this section—

• “local enactment” means—

  (a)

  a local or private Act;

  (b)

  a public general Act relating to London;

  (c)

  an order or scheme made under an Act, confirmed by Parliament or brought into operation in accordance with special parliamentary procedure; or

  (d)

  an enactment in a public general Act amending a local or private Act or any such order or scheme;

• ^M15“relevant date” means the date which was the second appointed day for the purposes of section 133 of the Water Resources Act 1963.