Statutory Instruments
2010 No. 1109
Legal Services Commission, England And Wales
The Community Legal Service (Funding) (Amendment No. 2) Order 2010
Made
28th March 2010
Laid before Parliament
31st March 2010
Coming into force
14th October 2010
The Lord Chancellor makes the following Order in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 6(4) and 25(8A) of the Access to Justice Act 1999( 1 ).
He has consulted the General Council of the Bar and the Law Society in accordance with section 25(2) of that Act and has had regard to the matters specified in section 25(3) of that Act.
Citation, commencement and interpretation
1. —(1) This Order may be cited as the Community Legal Service (Funding) (Amendment No. 2) Order 2010 and comes into force on 14th October 2010.
(2) In this Order “the 2007 Order” means the Community Legal Service (Funding) Order 2007( 2 ) and words and phrases used in this Order have the same meaning as in the 2007 Order.
Amendments to the 2007 Order
2. The 2007 Order is amended as follows.
3. In article 3(1)—
(a) after the definition of “the 2007 Act” insert—
“ “2010 Standard Civil Contract” means the contract between the Commission and a provider for the provision of funded services, including the contract for signature, the standard terms, the schedules and the specifications ( 3 ) ;
“advocates’ meeting” means an advocates’ meeting held under stage 2 or 3 of the Public Law Outline;
“advocacy services” means work done—
by an advocate at a court hearing;
by an advocate, as such, in connection with an advocates’ meeting;
by counsel in connection with a conference, and
by counsel in connection with an opinion;
and fees and rates for advocacy services include remuneration for preparatory work, travelling (except where an exceptional travel fee is payable under Schedule 2) and waiting in relation to those services;
“child abduction proceedings” means proceedings within section 11.13 of Part 1 of the Funding Code or a dispute about legal rights and duties which would fall within that section if the level of service provided were to be extended to Legal Representation; ” ;
(b) after the definition of “Commission” insert—
“ “counsel” means—
a barrister in independent practice; and
a solicitor or Fellow of the Institute of Legal Executives who does not work in a partnership and who does not hold a 2010 Standard Civil Contract;; ” ;
(c) after the definition of “Mental Health Proceedings” insert—
“ “Public Law Outline” means the outline set out in the table following paragraph 10 of the Practice Direction, Public Law Proceedings: Guide to Case Management, April 2010, given by the President of the Family Division; ” ;
(d) omit the definition of “Unified Contract”.
4. In article 3(2)—
(a) after ““Family Help (Lower)”” insert ““Family Help (Higher)”, “Investigative Help””;
(b) for ““and “Legal Representation”” substitute ““Legal Representation” and “Full Representation””.
5. —(1) In article 5(2), in each place where it appears, for “the Schedule to this Order” substitute “Schedule 1”.
(2) For the Schedule to the 2007 Order substitute Schedule 1 as set out in Schedule 1 to this Order.
6. —(1) After article 5 insert—
“ Family advocacy scheme
5A. —(1) In proceedings to which this article applies, the Commission must fund advocacy services as part of the Community Legal Service in accordance with—
(a) the fees and rates set out in Schedule 2; and
(b) the provisions of the 2010 Standard Civil Contract.
(2) This article applies to advocacy services in family proceedings except for services provided—
(a) to any party in child abduction proceedings;
(b) in proceedings under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 ( 4 ) ;
(c) in proceedings under the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 ( 5 ) ;
(d) in proceedings under Part 4A of the Family Law Act 1996 ( 6 ) ;
(e) in defended proceedings for divorce or judicial separation or for dissolution of a civil partnership or the legal separation of civil partners;
(f) in proceedings for nullity of marriage or annulment of a civil partnership;
(g) in applications for a parental order under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 ( 7 ) ;
(h) in proceedings under the inherent jurisdiction of the High Court in relation to children;
(i) where the advocate separately represents a child in proceedings other than proceedings which are specified proceedings within the meaning of section 41(6) of the Children Act 1989 ( 8 ) or are heard together with such specified proceedings;
(j) in proceedings in the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court;
(k) in a final appeal (as defined in the 2010 Standard Civil Contract);
(l) by Queen’s Counsel acting as such under a prior authority given by the Commission;
(m) under an individual case contract for a high cost case issued under rule A3 of Part 2 of the Funding Code.
Disbursements
5B. Nothing in this Order prevents the Commission from paying reasonable disbursements. ” .
(2) Schedule 2, which contains the Schedule referred to in article 5A(1), inserted by paragraph (1), has effect.
7. Where—
(a) an application for funded services is made before 14th October 2010; or
(b) a client is in receipt of Investigative Help and Family Help (Higher) before 14th October 2010 and the funded services are extended on or after that date to include Full Representation; or
(c) a certificate issued under the Funding Code covers funded services which were applied for before 14th October 2010 (whether or not the scope of the certificate is extended on or after that date),
the 2007 Order continues to have effect as if this Order had not been made.
Revocation of the Community Legal Service (Funding) (Counsel in Family Proceedings) Order 2001
8. —(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Community Legal Service (Funding) (Counsel in Family Proceedings) Order 2001( 9 ) is revoked.
(2) That Order continues to have effect where—
(a) an application for funded services is made before 14th October 2010; or
(b) a client is in receipt of Investigative Help and Family Help (Higher) before 14th October 2010 and the funded services are extended on or after that date to include Full Representation; or
(c) a certificate issued under the funding code covers funded services which were applied for before 14th October 2010 (whether or not the scope of the certificate is extended on or after that date).
Signed by authority of the Lord Chancellor
Bach
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State
Ministry of Justice
28th March 2010
Article 5
SCHEDULE 1
The following Schedule is substituted for the Schedule to the 2007 Order.
Article 5
“ SCHEDULE 1 Fees and Hourly Rates
Words and expressions used in this Schedule have the same meaning as in the 2010 Standard Civil Contract. The fees and rates in this Schedule are exclusive of value added tax.
Part 1 - Civil Standard and Graduated Fees
1 - Legal Help and Help at Court
Table 1
The fees in this Table for Housing do not apply to the Housing Possession Court Duty Scheme – see Table 6.
Category | Schedule Authorisation Fixed fee | Schedule Authorisation Exceptional Thresholds | Tolerance Fixed Fee | Tolerance Exceptional Thresholds |
---|---|---|---|---|
Actions against the Police | £266 | £798 | £154 | £462 |
Clinical Negligence | £217 | £651 | - | - |
Community Care | £296 | £888 | £179 | £537 |
Consumer General Contract | £177 | £531 | £149 | £447 |
Debt | £200 | £600 | £123 | £369 |
Education | £302 | £906 | £152 | £456 |
Employment | £230 | £690 | £150 | £450 |
Housing | £174 | £522 | £138 | £414 |
Miscellaneous | £88 | £264 | - | - |
Personal Injury | £226 | £678 | £154 | £462 |
Public Law | £288 | £864 | £207 | £621 |
Welfare Benefits | £167 | £501 | £136 | £408 |
2 - Family Public Law
Table 2 (a): Legal Help
National |
---|
£147 |
Table 2(b): Family Help (Lower) – section 31 Children Act 1989 Care or Supervision Proceedings only
National |
---|
£405 |
Table 2(c): Legal Representation - section 31 Children Act 1989 Care or Supervision Proceedings only
Party | Court | Number of Clients | Midlands | North | London and South | Wales |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child | Other | 1 | £2,165 | £1,775 | £2,485 | £2,426 |
Child | Other | 2 or more | £3,247 | £2,662 | £3,728 | £3,639 |
Child | High | 1 | £2,879 | £2,361 | £3,305 | £3,226 |
Child | High | 2 or more | £4,319 | £3,542 | £4,957 | £4,838 |
Joined Party | Other | - | £1,148 | £887 | £1,334 | £1,445 |
Joined Party | High | - | £1,527 | £1,180 | £1,774 | £1,922 |
Parent | Other | 1 | £2,840 | £2,359 | £3,230 | £2,925 |
Parent | Other | 2 | £3,551 | £2,948 | £4,037 | £3,657 |
Parent | High | 1 | £3,777 | £3,137 | £4,296 | £3,891 |
Parent | High | 2 | £4,721 | £3,922 | £5,369 | £4,864 |
3 - Family Private Law
Table 3 (a): Legal Help
National |
---|
£96 |
Table 3 (b): Legal Help - Divorce Petition only
National |
---|
£162 |
Table 3 (c): Family Help (Lower) - Children
Fee | Settlement Fee | |
---|---|---|
London | £256 | £153 |
Non-London | £221 | £132 |
Table 3 (d): Family Help (Lower) - Finance
Fee | Settlement Fee | |
---|---|---|
London | £268 | £161 |
Non-London | £231 | £139 |
Table 3 (e): Higher Standard Fee Schemes – Children
Court | Family Help (Higher) Standard fee | Legal Representation Standard Fee | |
---|---|---|---|
London | Other | £471 | £335 |
High Court | £565 | £402 | |
Non-London | Other | £392 | £279 |
High Court | £471 | £335 |
Table 3 (f): Higher Standard Fee Schemes – Finance
Court | Family Help (Higher) Standard Fee | Family Help (Higher) Settlement Fee | Legal Representation Standard Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|
London | Other | £523 | £105 | £416 |
High Court | £628 | £125 | £499 | |
Non-London | Other | £436 | £87 | £346 |
High Court | £523 | £105 | £416 |
Table 3 (g): Higher Standard Fee Schemes – Domestic Abuse Proceedings
Court | Legal Representation Standard Fee | |
---|---|---|
London | Other | £675 |
High Court | £810 | |
Non-London | Other | £563 |
High Court | £675 |
4 - Immigration
Table 4 (a): Immigration standard fees
Stage 1 (Legal Help) | Stage 2a (Controlled Legal Representation) | Stage 2b (Controlled Legal Representation) | |
---|---|---|---|
Asylum | £459 | £252 | £630 |
Immigration Non-asylum | £260 | £252 | £504 |
Table 4 (b) Additional payment – Home Office interview
Representation at Home Office interview | £296 |
Table 4 (c): Additional payments – advocacy services
Additional Payment | |
---|---|
Oral Case Management Review Hearing | £184 |
Telephone Case Management Review Hearing | £100 |
Representation at a substantive hearing in the Immigration and Asylum Chamber of the First-tier Tribunal | £336 Asylum, £263 Immigration |
Additional day substantive hearing | £179 Asylum, £179 Immigration |
Table 4 (d): Immigration removal centres standard fees (for exclusive schedule holders only)
On-site surgery – advising five or more clients | £400 |
On-site surgery – advising four clients or fewer | £200 |
Fast-track standby payment | £37.80 |
5 - Mental Health
Table 5 (a): Basic Fees
Basic Fees | |
---|---|
Mental Health – non-Tribunal | £281 |
Level 1 (Mental Health Proceedings) | £143 |
Level 2 (Mental Health Proceedings) | £357 |
Level 3 (Mental Health Proceedings) | £327 |
Table 5 (b): Additional Fees
Additional Fees | |
---|---|
Adjourned Hearing Fee | £130 |
Remote Travel payment Level 1 (Mental Health Proceedings) | £77 |
Remote Travel payment: Mental Health – non-Tribunal, Level 2 (Mental Health Proceedings), Level 3 (Mental Health Proceedings) | £153 |
6 - Housing Possession Court Duty Scheme
Table 6: Standard Fee
London | £84 |
---|---|
Non-London | £79.50 |
Part 2 - Hourly Rates – Controlled Work
7 - Legal Help, Help at Court and Family Help (Lower)
Table 7 (a): Immigration exceptional cases, Mental Health, Actions against the Police etc. , Public Law, Education and Community Care
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation, attendance and advocacy | £58.50 per hour | £53.60 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £30.90 per hour | £30.00 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £4.50 per item | £4.20 per item |
Table 7 (b): Family and Housing (except as in Table 7 (c)) and Employment
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation, attendance and advocacy | £54.15 per hour | £51.05 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £28.60 per hour | £28.60 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £4.20 per item | £4.05 per item |
Table 7 (c): Legal Help or Help at Court provided in relation to a review under section 202 of the Housing Act 1996 ( 10 ) and to a defendant to a possession claim in the county court; Family Help (Lower) and related Legal Help in relation to care or supervision proceedings under section 31 of the Children Act 1989
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation, attendance and advocacy | £62.40 per hour | £58.40 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £30.90 per hour | £30.05 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £4.50 per item | £4.20 per item |
Table 7 (d): Immigration hourly rates cases
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation, attendance and advocacy | £57.35 per hour | £52.55 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £30.30 per hour | £29.45 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £4.40 per item | £4.10 per item |
Table 7 (e): All other categories and all tolerance work
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation, attendance and advocacy | £51.70 per hour | £48.75 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £27.35 per hour | £27.35 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £4.00 per item | £3.85 per item |
8 - Controlled Legal Representation
Table 8 (a): Immigration – exceptional cases
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation and attendance | £64.25 per hour | £60.10 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £31.80 per hour | £30.90 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £4.60 per item | £4.30 per item |
Advocacy | £73.10 per hour | £73.10 per hour |
Table 8 (b): Immigration – Upper Tribunal cases where permission granted to client (non-Fast-track)
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation and attendance | £82.62 per hour | £77.29 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £40.91 per hour | £39.76 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £5.94 per item | £5.54 per item |
Advocacy | £93.96 per hour | £93.96 per hour |
Table 8 (c): Immigration – other hourly rates cases
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation and attendance | £61.20 per hour | £57.25 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £30.30 per hour | £29.45 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £4.40 per item | £4.10 per item |
Advocacy | £69.60 per hour | £69.60 per hour |
Table 8 (d): Representation in Mental Health proceedings
Activity | London Rate | Non London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation and attendance | £64.25 per hour | £60.10 per hour |
Travel and waiting time | £31.80 per hour | £30.90 per hour |
Letters and telephone calls | £4.60 per item | £4.30 per item |
Advocacy | £73.10 per hour | £73.10 per hour |
Attending tribunal with counsel | £34.20 per hour | £34.20 per hour |
Part 3 - Hourly Rates – Licensed Work
9 - Family Prescribed Rates
Table 9 (a): Care Proceedings
Activity | Higher Courts | County court and family proceedings court |
---|---|---|
Writing routine letters | £4.70 per item | £4.10 per item |
Receiving routine letters | £2.35 per item | £2.05 per item |
Routine telephone calls | £4.70 per item | £4.10 per item |
Preparation and attendance | £77.85 per hour (London Rate) £73.15 per hour (non-London Rate) | £68.20 per hour (London Rate) £64.90 per hour (non-London Rate) |
Attending at court or conference with counsel | £41.25 per hour | £36.30 per hour |
Advocacy | £77.85 per hour (London Rate) £73.15 per hour (non-London Rate) | £71.50 per hour |
Travelling and waiting time | £35.75 per hour | £32.45 per hour |
Table 9 (b): Other Family Proceedings
Activity | Higher Courts | County court and family proceedings court |
---|---|---|
Writing routine letters | £7.05 per item | £6.00 per item |
Receiving routine letters | £3.50 per item | £3.00 per item |
Routine telephone calls | £7.05 per item | £6.00 per item |
Preparation and attendance | £78.40 per hour (London Rate) £73.05 per hour (non-London Rate) | £66.00 per hour (London Rate) £61.00 per hour (non-London Rate) |
Attending at court or conference with counsel | £41.25 per hour | £36.00 per hour |
Advocacy | £78.40 per hour (London Rate) £73.05 per hour (non-London Rate) | £66.00 per hour (London Rate) £63.00 per hour (non-London Rate) |
Travelling and waiting time | £35.75 per hour | £32.00 per hour (London Rate) £31.00 per hour (non-London Rate) |
10 - Non Family Prescribed Rates
Table 10 (a): Higher Courts, county courts and magistrates’ courts for work carried out with Schedule authorisation
Activity | Higher Courts | County court and magistrates’ court |
---|---|---|
Writing routine letters | £7.50 per item | £6.60 per item |
Routine telephone calls | £4.15 per item | £3.65 per item |
Preparation and attendance | £79.50 per hour (London Rate) £75.00 per hour (non-London Rate) | £70.00 per hour (London Rate) £66.00 per hour (non-London Rate) |
Attending at court or conference with counsel | £37.00 per hour | £32.50 per hour |
Advocacy | £75.00 per hour | £66.00 per hour |
Travelling and waiting time | £33.25 per hour | £29.20 per hour |
Table 10 (b): Higher Courts, county court and magistrates’ court for work not carried out with Schedule authorisation
Activity | Higher Courts | County court and magistrates’ court |
---|---|---|
Writing routine letters | £7.40 per item | £6.50 per item |
Routine telephone calls | £4.10 per item | £3.60 per item |
Preparation and attendance | £78.50 per hour (London Rate) £74.00 per hour (non-London Rate) | £69.00 per hour (London Rate) £65.00 per hour (non-London Rate) |
Attending at court or conference with counsel | £36.40 per hour | £32.00 per hour |
Advocacy | £74.00 per hour | £65.00 per hour |
Travelling and waiting time | £32.70 per hour | £28.75 per hour |
Table 10 (c) First-tier Tribunal
Activity | London Rate | Non-London Rate |
---|---|---|
Preparation and attendance | £61.20 per hour | £57.25 per hour |
Routine letters out and telephone calls | £4.40 per item | £4.10 per item |
Advocacy | £69.60 per hour | £69.60 per hour |
Attending tribunal or conference with counsel | £32.55 per hour | £32.55 per hour |
Travelling and waiting time | £30.30 per hour | £29.45 per hour |
Part 4 – Family Mediation Fees
11- Family Mediation
Table 11 (a): Willingness Test
Willingness Test | |
---|---|
£25 |
Table 11 (b): Assessment Meetings
Activity | |
---|---|
Assessment alone | £87 |
Assessment separate | £87 |
Assessment together | £130 |
Table 11 (c): Mediation Fees
Category of Work | Single Session | Multi Session | Agreed Proposal |
---|---|---|---|
All Issues Sole Mediation | £168 | £756 | £252 |
All Issues Co-Mediation | £230 | £1,064 | £252 |
Property and Finance Sole Mediation | £168 | £588 | £189 |
Property and Finance Co-Mediation | £230 | £834 | £189 |
Child Sole Mediation | £168 | £462 | £126 |
Child Co-Mediation | £230 | £647 | £126 ” |
Article 6
SCHEDULE 2
The following Schedule is inserted as Schedule 2 to the 2007 Order.
Article 5A
“ SCHEDULE 2 Family Advocacy Scheme
Words and expressions used in this Schedule have the same meaning as in the 2010 Standard Civil Contract. The fees and rates in this Schedule are exclusive of value added tax.
1- Public Law Advocacy Fees
Table 1 (a): Care or supervision proceedings under section 31 of the Children Act 1989 – graduated fees
Court | Hearing unit 1 (up to 1 hour) | Hearing unit 2 (up to 2.5 hours) | Conference fee | Opinion fee | Advocates’ meeting fee | Final hearing fee (per day) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family proceedings court | £96.35 | £240.90 | £141.90 | £117.40 | £142.40 | £562.50 |
County court | £106.00 | £264.95 | £141.90 | £117.40 | £156.65 | £618.75 |
High Court | £127.20 | £317.95 | £141.90 | £117.40 | £188.00 | £742.50 |
Table 1 (b): Other public law cases – graduated fees
Court | Hearing unit 1 (up to 1 hour | Hearing unit 2 (up to 2.5 hours) | Conference fee | Opinion fee | Advocates’ meeting fee | Final hearing fee (per day) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family proceedings court | £84.25 | £210.65 | £141.90 | £117.40 | £142.40 | £515.90 |
County court | £92.65 | £231.70 | £141.90 | £117.40 | £156.65 | £567.50 |
High Court | £111.20 | £278.00 | £141.90 | £117.40 | £188.00 | £681.00 |
Table 1 (c): Public law - bolt-on fees
Category | Payable for | Fee |
---|---|---|
Client – allegation of harm | Hearing | 25% of hearing unit fee |
Client – lack of understanding etc | Hearing | 25% of hearing unit fee |
Expert’s cross-examination | Hearing | 25% of hearing unit fee |
Exceptional travel fee | Hearings, advocates’ meetings and conferences | £35.60 |
Table 1 (d): Public law – court bundle payments
Hearing | CB1 (350-700 pages) | CB2 (701-1400 pages) | CB3 (over 1400 pages) |
---|---|---|---|
Interim hearing | £66.00 | £99.00 | - |
Final hearing | £177.00 | £266.00 | £354.00 |
2 – Private Law Advocacy Fees
Table 2 (a): Private law children – graduated fees
Court | Hearing unit 1 (up to 1 hour) | Hearing unit 2 (up to 2.5 hours) | Conference fee | Opinion fee | Final hearing (per day) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family proceedings court | £69.65 | £174.15 | £139.30 | £104.50 | £441.15 |
County court | £76.60 | £191.55 | £139.30 | £104.50 | £485.25 |
High Court | £91.95 | £229.85 | £139.30 | £104.50 | £582.30 |
Table 2 (b): Domestic abuse – graduated fees
Court | Hearing unit 1 (up to 1 hour) | Hearing unit 2 (up to 2.5 hours) | Final hearing fee (per day) |
---|---|---|---|
Family proceedings court, county court and High Court | £90.55 | £226.40 | £401.30 |
Table 2 (c): Private law finance – graduated fees
Court | Hearing unit 1 (up to 1 hour) | Hearing unit 2 (up to 2.5 hours) | Family dispute resolution hearing unit 1 | Family dispute resolution hearing unit 2 | Early resolution fee | Conference fee | Opinion fee | Final hearing fee (per day) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County court | £70.20 | £175.50 | £112.30 | £280.80 | £140.40 | £140.40 | £105.30 | £493.00 |
High Court | £84.25 | £210.60 | £134.80 | £336.95 | £168.50 | £140.40 | £105.30 | £591.60 |
Table 2 (d): Private law – bolt-on fees
Category | Payable for | Fee |
---|---|---|
Client – allegations of harm | Private law children hearing | 25% of hearing unit fee |
Expert’s cross-examination | Private law children hearing | 20% of hearing unit fee |
Exceptional travel fee | Hearings and conferences | £35.60 |
Table 2 (e): Private law children and finance – court bundle payments
Hearing | CB1 (350-700 pages) | CB2 (701-1400 pages) | CB3 (over 1400 pages) |
---|---|---|---|
Interim hearing | £66.00 | £99.00 | - |
Final hearing | £177.00 | £266.00 | £354.00 ” |
1999 c. 22 . The reference in section 6 to the Lord Chancellor was changed to the Secretary of State by S.I. 2003/1887 and changed back to the Lord Chancellor by S.I. 2005/3429 . Section 25(8A) was inserted by section 153 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25) .
S.I. 2007/2441 , amended by S.I. 2008/1328 , 2008/2704 , 2009/2468 and 2010/95 .
Published by the Commission on 26th March 2010 and available on its website at www.legalservices.gov.uk .
1996 c. 27 . Part 4A was inserted by section 1 of the Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007 (c. 20) .
1989 c. 41 . Section 41(6) was amended by section 122(1)(a) of the Adoption and Children Act 2002 (c. 38) .
S.I. 2001/1077 , amended by S.I. 2003/2590 . 2005/184 , 2006/2364 , 2007/2443 , 2007/3169 and 2008/666 .