Citation, commencement, application and interpretation_I1

1.—(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Heather and Grass etc. Burning (England) Regulations 2021 and come into force on 1st May 2021.

(2) These Regulations apply to England only.

Interpretation_I2

2. In these Regulations—

“burning season” means—

[^F1 “ less favoured area ” means any area of land shown within the areas coloured pink and blue on the map marked as “Less Favoured Areas (England)”, dated 21 August 2025, held by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs but does not include the land coloured pink in the Isles of Scilly; ^F1]

^F2...

“specified vegetation” means heather, rough grass, bracken, gorse or vaccinium;

“upland area” means all the land shown coloured pink on the map marked as [^F3 “Less Favoured Areas (England)”, dated 21 August 2025, ^F3] held by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs but does not include the land coloured pink in the Isles of Scilly( 2 ).

Prohibition of burning on peat over [^F430cm^F4] deep except under licence_I3

3.—(1) Unless paragraph (2) or (3) applies, a person must not burn specified vegetation on a [^F5site which falls within a less favoured area^F5] on peat that is of a depth of more than [^F630^F6] centimetres, except under (and in accordance with) a licence issued by the Secretary of State under regulation 4.

(2) The prohibition in paragraph (1) does not apply if the area of specified vegetation to be burned in one burning season is an area —

(a)which has a slope of more than 35 degrees; or

(b)where more than half of that area is covered by exposed rock or scree,

and in either case—

(i)is a single area of 0.5 hectares or less, or

(ii)is on two or more areas within 5 metres of each other with a combined area of 0.5 hectares or less.

(3) The prohibition in paragraph (1) does not apply where land is cultivated as a private or allotment garden.

Licensing of burning_I4

4.—(1) A person may apply to the Secretary of State for a licence permitting the burning of specified vegetation in a manner otherwise prohibited by regulation 3(1).

(2) Any application must be made in a manner specified by the Secretary of State and an application may be made in relation to burns in more than one burning season or calendar year.

(3) Any application must be made not less than 28 days before the date (or the first date if more than one) on which the applicant proposes to burn and —

(a)in the case of a burn (or burns) intended to take place during the burning season, not before the end of the burning season preceding the first burn; or

(b)in the case of a burn (or burns) intended to take place outside the burning season, not more than 56 days before the date (or the first date if more than one) on which the applicant proposes to burn.

(4) The Secretary of State may grant a licence where it is expedient or necessary—

(a)for the conservation, enhancement or management of the natural [^F7or historic^F7] environment for the benefit of present and future generations;

(b)for the safety of any person;

(c)to reduce the [^F8impact^F8] of wildfire; or

^F9(d). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[^F10 (e)for research or educational purposes.^F10]

(5) If the Secretary of State—

(a)refuses to issue a licence under paragraph (1);

(b)issues a licence in respect of only part of the land to which the application relates; or

(c)issues a licence subject to any conditions,

the Secretary of State must give notice in writing to the applicant of the reasons for that decision.

(6) Where a licence has been granted for burns in more than one burning season or for burns outside the burning season in more than one calendar year, the Secretary of State may amend or revoke that licence, where the Secretary of State considers it appropriate, and must give notice in writing to the applicant of the reasons for that decision.

Regulation of burning_I5

5. Where a licence is granted under regulation 4, or where regulation 3(2) applies, a person must not—

(a)commence any burning between sunset and sunrise;

(b)carry out any burning unless—

(i)there are, where the burning is taking place, sufficient persons and equipment to control and regulate the burning during the entire period of the burning activity, and

(ii)before starting to burn and during the entire period of the burning activity, all reasonable precautions are taken to prevent injury, or damage to any adjacent land, or to any person or thing on that land; and

(c)leave soil smouldering, where that is connected to the burning activity, for more than 48 hours, unless permitted to do so by the licence.

Burning notices_I6

6. —(1) If Natural England believes that specified vegetation has been burnt in contravention of these Regulations, it may serve a notice (a “burning notice”) on the occupier of the land concerned requiring that person to notify Natural England, in the manner specified by Natural England in the burning notice, of any proposed burning of any specified vegetation on any land occupied by that person beginning with the date on which it is served.

(2) A burning notice may only apply for a period of two years or less, beginning with the day on which it is served.

Representations against burning notices_I7

7.—(1) A person served with a burning notice may make representations against that notice to a person appointed for the purpose by the Secretary of State.

(2) Any such representations must be made within 28 days beginning with the day on which the burning notice is issued.

(3) The appointed person must consider the representations and report in writing to the Secretary of State.

(4) The Secretary of State must give written notice of the final determination and the reasons for it.

(5) Where a person makes representations against a burning notice, the burning notice has effect until it is revoked by the Secretary of State, withdrawn by Natural England or its period expires.