Citation, commencement and extent

1. —(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Car, Van and Heavy Duty Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Emissions Performance Standards (Civil Penalties and Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2023.

(2) These Regulations—

(a) come into force on 1st January 2024, and

(b) extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Interpretation

2. In these Regulations—

“ administrative fine ” means a fine imposed under Article 9(1) of ; Regulation (EU) 2018/956

“ excess CO ₂ emissions premium ” means a premium imposed under Article 8(1) of ; Regulation (EU) 2019/1242

“ Regulation (EU) 2018/956 ” means of the European Parliament and of the Council on the monitoring and reporting of CO Regulation (EU) 2018/956 ₂ emissions from and fuel consumption of new heavy-duty vehicles;

“ Regulation (EU) 2019/631 ” means of the European Parliament and of the Council setting CO Regulation (EU) 2019/631 ₂ emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles;

“ Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 ” means of the European Parliament and of the Council setting CO Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 ₂ emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles.

Civil penalties: Regulation (EU) 2018/956

3. —(1) Where the Secretary of State imposes an administrative fine on a manufacturer (“ M ”), the Secretary of State must serve a notice of civil penalty on M.

(2) The notice of civil penalty must—

(a) be in writing;

(b) be dated;

(c) set out—

(i) the reasons for which the administrative fine is imposed;

(ii) the amount of the administrative fine and how it has been calculated;

(iii) how to pay the administrative fine;

(d) require payment to be made before the end of a period of 28 days beginning with the date of the notice of civil penalty;

(e) include information on—

(i) M’s right to appeal against the imposition of a fine under regulation 6, including the grounds of appeal,

(ii) how M may bring such an appeal, and

(iii) the steps the Secretary of State may take to recover any unpaid fine.

Civil penalties: Regulation (EU) 2019/1242

4. —(1) Where the Secretary of State imposes an excess CO ₂ emissions premium on a manufacturer (“ M ”), the Secretary of State must serve a notice of civil penalty on M.

(2) The notice of civil penalty must—

(a) be in writing;

(b) be dated;

(c) identify the reporting period in relation to which M has been found to have excess CO ₂ emissions;

(d) set out—

(i) the reasons why M has been found to have excess CO ₂ emissions in that reporting period;

(ii) the amount of the excess CO ₂ emissions premium which is being imposed, and how it has been calculated;

(iii) how to pay the excess CO ₂ emissions premium;

(e) require payment to be made before the end of a period of 28 days, beginning with the date of the notice;

(f) include information on—

(i) M’s right to appeal against the imposition of an excess CO ₂ emissions premium, including the grounds of appeal,

(ii) how M may bring an appeal, and

(iii) the steps the Secretary of State may bring to recover any unpaid excess CO ₂ emissions premium.

Recovery of fines and excess CO ₂ emissions premiums

5. —(1) The amount of any administrative fine and any excess CO ₂ emissions premium—

(a) in England and Wales is recoverable as if it were payable under an order of the county court in England and Wales;

(b) in Scotland may be enforced in the same manner as an extract registered decree arbitral bearing a warrant for execution issued by the sheriff court of any sheriffdom in Scotland;

(c) in Northern Ireland is recoverable as if it were payable under an order of the county court in Northern Ireland.

(2) Where action is taken under this regulation for the recovery of a sum payable as an administrative fine, or as an excess CO ₂ emissions premium, the penalty or premium is—

(a) in relation to England and Wales, to be treated for the purposes of section 98 of the Courts Act 2003 (register of judgments and orders etc)( 4 ) as if it were a judgment entered in the county court;

(b) in relation to Northern Ireland, to be treated for the purposes of Article 116 of the Judgments Enforcement (Northern Ireland) Order 1981( 5 ) (register of judgments) as if it were a judgment in respect of which an application has been accepted under Article 22 or 23(1) of that Order.

(3) Any administrative fine or excess CO ₂ emissions premium received by the Secretary of State must be paid into the Consolidated Fund.

Appeals: administrative fine

6. —(1) A manufacturer may appeal to the First-tier Tribunal against the imposition of an administrative fine, or the amount of the fine, on the grounds set out in paragraph (2).

(2) An appeal under paragraph (1) may be brought on the ground that the imposition of the fine or the amount of the fine was due to an error of fact or law.

(3) The First-tier Tribunal may—

(a) in relation to an appeal under paragraph (1)—

(i) confirm the Secretary of State’s decision to impose an administrative fine (“the decision”);

(ii) confirm the decision but substitute a different amount; or

(iii) quash the decision.

Appeals: excess CO ₂ emissions premiums

7. —(1) A manufacturer may appeal to the First-tier Tribunal against the imposition of an excess CO ₂ emissions premium, or the amount of that premium, on the grounds set out in paragraph (2).

(2) An appeal under paragraph (1) may be brought on the ground that—

(a) the finding that the manufacturer had excess CO ₂ emissions in the reporting period in question, or

(b) the calculation of the amount of the excess CO ₂ emissions premium,

is due to an error of fact or law.

(3) The First-tier Tribunal may in relation to an appeal under paragraph (1)—

(a) confirm the Secretary of State’s decision to impose an excess CO ₂ emissions premium;

(b) confirm the Secretary of State’s calculation of the amount of that premium;

(c) substitute its own calculation of that amount, or

(d) quash the decision.

Amendment of Regulation (EU) 2018/956

8. In Part A of Annex 1 to , in point (k), omit “for vehicles registered until 30 June 2025”. Regulation (EU) 2018/956

Amendment of Regulation (EU) 2019/631

9. In point 1.2.4 of section A of Annex III to , in sub-paragraph (a), in the definition of B Regulation (EU) 2019/631 _0, for “1,375” substitute “1.387” .