These Regulations amend the Control of Trade in Endangered Species (Enforcement) Regulation 1997 (S.I. 1997/1372). As was the case with the 1997 Regulations before amendment, these Regulations create a number of criminal offences in relation to Article 8 of Council Regulation No. 338/97 (“the Principal Regulation”), in particular, they create offences related to the purchase and sale of specimens listed in Annex A of the Principal Regulation or of specimens listed in Annex B which have been imported or acquired unlawfully. As provided by section 307 of the Criminal Justice Act, these Regulations increase the penalties that apply for offences related to commercial activity involving Annex A and B specimens.