Citation, commencement, extent and application

1. —(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Countryside Stewardship (England) Regulations 2020 and come into force on 11th February 2020.

(2) These Regulations extend to England and Wales but apply to England only.

Interpretation

2. —(1) In these Regulations—

“ agreement holder ” means a CS agreement holder or a facilitation agreement holder;

“ agreement year ” means a period of 12 months commencing with the date of, or any anniversary of the date of, the coming into effect of a countryside stewardship agreement or a facilitation agreement;

“ carry out ”, in relation to an obligation under a countryside stewardship agreement or a facilitation agreement, includes ensuring that the obligation is carried out;

“ countryside stewardship agreement ” means an agreement under regulation 3;

“ CS agreement holder ” means a person who enters into a countryside stewardship agreement with the Secretary of State;

“ eligible person ” means—

“ facilitation agreement ” means an agreement under regulation 6;

“ facilitation agreement holder ” means a person who enters into a facilitation agreement with the Secretary of State;

“ facilitation services ” means professional services to promote cooperation between members of a group;

“ officer ”, in relation to a body corporate, means a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body or any person purporting to act in such capacity;

“officer” or “ member ”, in relation to an unincorporated association, includes any person purporting to act in such capacity;

“ partner ” includes any person purporting to act in such capacity;

“ partnership ” does not include a limited liability partnership;

“ permanent crops ” means non-rotational crops other than permanent grassland that occupy the land for five years or more and yield repeated harvests;

“ permanent grassland ” means land used to grow grasses or other herbaceous forage naturally or through cultivation and that has not been included in the crop rotation for five years or more;

“ Priority Habitat ” means a type of habitat identified as being of principle importance in England in accordance with section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 ;

“ Priority Species ” means those living organisms identified as being of principle importance in England in accordance with section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006;

“ qualified person ” means either—

“ unincorporated association ” does not include a partnership.

(2) In these Regulations “ eligible land ” means any land that is registered on the Rural Payments Service held by the Secretary of State, and which is—

(a) an area of agricultural land, including associated farm buildings, that is taken up by arable land, permanent grassland or permanent crops;

(b) a protected site, including—

(i) Sites of Special Scientific Interest, as defined in section 52(1) of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 ;

(ii) Special Area of Conservation (“SAC”), as designated in regulation 13 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 , and proposed SACs;

(iii) Special Protection Areas (“SPA”), as classified in regulation 15 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 , and proposed SPAs;

(iv) Ramsar Sites, which means wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention as being of international importance, as described in section 37A of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 ;

(c) a terrestrial Priority Habitat;

(d) land that supports a Priority Species;

(e) an area of woodland that—

(i) is at least 0.5 hectares,

(ii) has an average width of at least 20 metres, and

(iii) contains groups or lines of trees that are, or will reach, at least 5 metres in height and with a crown cover of more than 20% of the ground area;

(3) But “ eligible land ” does not include land—

(a) in relation to which any of the activities for which grant is sought—

(i) is funded by—

(aa) the European Union,

(bb) Parliament, or

(cc) a body exercising public functions within the United Kingdom; or

(ii) is required under any other form of legally binding obligation;

(b) on which solar panels generate electricity other than for a use connected to those activities.

Power to make grants under countryside stewardship agreements

3. —(1) The Secretary of State may make a grant to any eligible person who undertakes to carry out, in relation to eligible land, at least one of the activities listed in column 1 of Part 2 or 3 of the Schedule, those activities being, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, conducive to one of the purposes set out in section 98(1) of the Environment Act 1995.

(2) The eligible person must make an application for a grant in accordance with such requirements as the Secretary of State may specify (see regulation 8).

(3) A grant under paragraph (1) is subject to the following conditions—

(a) that the eligible person enters into a countryside stewardship agreement with the Secretary of State; and

(b) that the CS agreement holder complies with—

(i) the requirements set out in regulation 9, and

(ii) the terms and conditions set out in their countryside stewardship agreement.

(4) The countryside stewardship agreement must specify—

(a) the duration of the agreement,

(b) the activity or activities that the CS agreement holder must carry out,

(c) the terms and conditions which the CS agreement holder must comply with, and

(d) the payments to be made to the CS agreement holder by the Secretary of State.

(5) If, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, it is consistent with the purposes referred to in paragraph (1), the Secretary of State may modify the conditions of a countryside stewardship agreement by—

(a) agreement with the CS agreement holder, or

(b) serving notice on the CS agreement holder.

Rates of payment for countryside stewardship agreements

4. The rate of payment for each activity must not exceed that specified in column 3 of Parts 2 or 3 of the Schedule.

Notification of change in management control

5. —(1) The CS agreement holder is released from the countryside stewardship agreement if—

(a) the CS agreement holder transfers management control of all or part of the land which is the subject of that agreement to another person (“ the transferee ”),

(b) the transferee is an eligible person,

(c) the transferee notifies the Secretary of State of the transfer within 90 days beginning with the day after the date of the transfer,

(d) the transferee gives an undertaking to the Secretary of State to assume the obligations under that agreement in place of the CS agreement holder, and

(e) the Secretary of State has accepted that undertaking.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not release the CS agreement holder in respect of any breach or other matter occurring before the acceptance by the Secretary of State of the transferee's undertaking.

(3) Paragraph (1) does not apply in relation to a countryside stewardship agreement only to carry out an activity or matter specified in Part 3 of the Schedule.

Power to make grants under facilitation agreements

6. —(1) The Secretary of State may make a grant to a qualified person who undertakes to provide facilitation services to help a group of land managers carry out, in relation to eligible land, any activity which, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, is conducive to one of the purposes set out in section 98(1) of the Environment Act 1995.

(2) A qualified person must make an application for a grant in accordance with such requirements as the Secretary of State may specify (see regulation 8).

(3) A grant under paragraph (1) is subject to the following conditions—

(a) that the qualified person enters into a facilitation agreement with the Secretary of State;

(b) that the facilitation agreement holder complies with—

(i) the requirements set out in regulation 9, and

(ii) the terms and conditions set out in their facilitation agreement.

(4) The facilitation agreement must specify—

(a) the duration of the agreement,

(b) the services that the facilitation agreement holder must provide,

(c) the terms and conditions which the facilitation agreement holder must comply with, and

(d) the payments to be made to the facilitation agreement holder by the Secretary of State.

(5) If, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, it is consistent with the purposes referred to in paragraph (1), the Secretary of State may modify the conditions of a facilitation agreement by—

(a) agreement with the facilitation agreement holder, or

(b) serving notice on the facilitation agreement holder.

Amount of grant for facilitation agreement

7. The Secretary of State must determine the amount of grant payable under regulation 6 as follows—

(a) up to a maximum of £20,000 for the costs of delivering the facilitation services per agreement year,

(b) £500 in respect of each member of the group per agreement year,

and the total payment for each agreement must not exceed £60,000 per agreement year.

Applications for grant

8. The Secretary of State may, in relation to any application under these Regulations, specify requirements concerning—

(a) the timing of the application,

(b) the form of the application, and

(c) information to accompany or be contained in the application.

Claims for payment of grant

9. A claim for a payment under these Regulations must be made at such time and in such form as the Secretary of State reasonably requires and must contain or be accompanied by such information as the Secretary of State reasonably requires.

Time for making payment

10. A payment in accordance with these Regulations may be made at any time during or after the agreement year as the Secretary of State reasonably determines.

Powers of inspection

11. The Secretary of State may carry out, for the purposes of verifying that an agreement holder has complied with the terms and conditions of their agreement under these Regulations, such inspection as the Secretary of State may specify in that agreement.

Breaches of conditions for grant

12. —(1) The Secretary of State may determine, in relation to a grant made under these Regulations, that—

(a) the agreement holder has, at any time, given false or misleading information to the Secretary of State;

(b) the agreement holder is in breach of any of the terms or conditions of their agreement;

(c) the agreement holder is in breach of any requirement to which they are subject under these Regulations;

(d) the whole or any part of the sum paid or payable in relation to an agreement duplicates assistance provided or to be provided out of the monies made available by—

(i) the European Union,

(ii) Parliament, or

(iii) a body exercising public functions within the United Kingdom;

(e) the activity for which the sum was paid or is payable is required to be carried out under another legally binding obligation;

(f) there has been a material change in the nature, scale, costs or timing of any activity or facilitation services in relation to which an agreement has been made;

(g) any activity or facilitation services in relation to which an agreement has been made has been or is being delayed, or is unlikely to be completed.

(2) Before making a determination under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State must give the agreement holder—

(a) a written explanation of the reasons for proposing to make the determination, and

(b) the opportunity of making written representations within such period as the Secretary of State considers reasonable.

(3) The Secretary of State must consider any written representations received from the agreement holder before making a determination.

Recovery of grant payment

13. —(1) Where the Secretary of State makes a determination under regulation 12(1), the Secretary of State, may—

(a) withhold the whole or any part of any payment payable to the agreement holder, and

(b) recover on demand the whole or any part of any payment already paid to the agreement holder.

(2) Where the Secretary of State makes a determination under regulation 12(1), the Secretary of State may suspend or terminate the agreement or any part of the agreement, and any entitlement of the agreement holder to payment in respect of the unexpired period of the agreement or part of the agreement shall be suspended or terminated, as the case may be.

(3) Where the Secretary of State terminates an agreement or part of an agreement under paragraph (2), the Secretary of State may also refuse to enter into any new agreement with that agreement holder for such period (not exceeding two years) from the date of termination as the Secretary of State may specify.

(4) The powers conferred on the Secretary of State by paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be exercisable by serving notice on the agreement holder.

Recovery of interest

14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sums payable to be recoverable as a debt

15. Where an agreement holder is liable to repay all or part of any payment in accordance with regulation 13(1)(b), the amount of the repayment ... is recoverable as a debt.

Appeals

16. —(1) An agreement holder may appeal in writing to the Secretary of State against a determination made under regulation 12(1), or against any other decision made by the Secretary of State under these Regulations, on any of the following grounds—

(a) the decision was based on an error of fact;

(b) the decision was wrong in law;

(c) there has been a material procedural error.

(2) An applicant for a grant may appeal in writing to the Secretary of State against a decision by the Secretary of State not to offer a countryside stewardship agreement or a facilitation agreement on any of the grounds set out in paragraph (1).

(3) An appeal under this regulation must be received by the Secretary of State within 60 days of notification of the determination or decision being appealed.

(4) The Secretary of State must appoint a person or persons, up to a maximum of three, (“ the appointed person ”) to consider appeals under this regulation.

(5) The appointed person, upon considering an appeal under this regulation, must report in writing to the Secretary of State with conclusions on the appeal and a recommendation as to the manner in which the matter should be finally determined by the Secretary of State.

(6) The Secretary of State may—

(a) pay to the appointed person such reasonable remuneration in respect of that person's functions in this regard, and such travelling and other allowances, as the Secretary of State may determine, and

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(7) Following receipt of a report pursuant to paragraph (5), the Secretary of State must make a final determination.

(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notices

17. —(1) For the purposes of regulations 3, 6 and 13, any notice required to be served on a person may be served by—

(a) delivering it to that person;

(b) leaving it at that person's proper address;

(c) sending it by post or fax to that person's proper address;

(d) sending it by email to that person's last known email address.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(a), a notice is delivered to—

(a) a body corporate where it is given to an officer of that body;

(b) a partnership where it is given to a partner or person having control or management of the partnership;

(c) an unincorporated association where it is given to an officer or member of the governing body of the association or other person having management responsibilities in respect of the association.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(d), a notice is sent by email to—

(a) a body corporate, where it is sent to an email address of—

(i) the body corporate, or

(ii) an officer of that body,

where that address is supplied by that body for the conduct of the affairs of that body;

(b) a partnership, where it is sent to an email address of—

(i) the partnership; or

(ii) a partner or person having control or management of the partnership,

where that address is supplied by that partnership for the conduct of the affairs of that partnership;

(c) an unincorporated association where it is sent to an email address of—

(i) an officer or member of the governing body of the association, or

(ii) any other person having management responsibilities in respect of the association,

where that address is supplied by that association for the conduct of the affairs of that association.

(4) In paragraph (1)(b) and (c), “ proper address ” means, in the case of—

(a) a body corporate, the registered office (if it is in the United Kingdom) or the principal office of the body in the United Kingdom;

(b) a partnership, the principal office of the partnership in the United Kingdom;

(c) an unincorporated association, the principal office of the association in the United Kingdom;

(d) any other person, that person's last known address.

Regulation 3(1)

SCHEDULE Countryside Stewardship Activities

PART 1 INTERPRETATION

In this Schedule—

“ beetle bank ” means a linear raised earth bank in an arable field, covered in grass vegetation;

“ biobed ” means an installation comprising a mix of soil, straw and peat-free compost contained in a lined pit which treats pesticide residue;

“ biofilter ” means an installation comprising a mix of soil, straw and peat-free compost contained in stacked, linked water-tight containers which treats pesticide residue;

“ brassica fodder crop ” means a brassica crop which is grown to be grazed by livestock or cut for forage;

“ buffer strip ” means a strip of land adjoining a field boundary or environmental feature which is not cultivated and where the use of inputs is restricted;

“ casting up ” means a linear raised earth bank in the arable field, covered in grass vegetation;

“ cultivated land ” means land which is regularly cultivated by ploughing or other means;

“ England LFA Maps ” means the four volumes of maps entitled “Less Favoured Area Map of England 2009” dated 29th January 2010, and their Annex dated 15th January 2020, signed on behalf of the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and deposited at the offices of the Rural Payments Agency, Northgate House, 21-23 Valpy Street, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 1AF;

“ eyesore ” means an unsightly item which, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, has a negative effect on the landscape;

“ fen ” means an area of low-lying marshy ground;

“ grassland ” means land on which the vegetation consists primarily of grass species;

“ grip blocking ” means an intervention that raises the water level in a drainage ditch or channel to, at or near the soil surface to cause re-wetting of the surrounding area;

“ heathland ” means an area on which the vegetation consists primarily of ericaceous dwarf shrubs, grasses and trees, usually on acidic sandy soils;

“ improved grassland ” means grassland which—

“ in-field tree ” means a tree, the trunk of which is entirely within the field and does not touch the field boundary;

“ in-field pond ” means a pond which is entirely within the field and does not touch the field boundary;

“ inputs ” means fertiliser, manures, pesticides and seed;

“ inspection pit ” means chamber or pit that collects drainage for inspection, to check for blockages and sedimentation reducing the risk of runoff and water pollution;

“ intensive grassland ” means grassland which receives more than 100 kilograms per hectare of inorganic nitrogen fertiliser per year;

“ leaky woody dam ” means a woody barrier which slows the movement of water to increase flood storage capacity or the deposition of sediment;

“ ley ” means sown grass or herbage suitable for grazing or cutting;

“ management plan ” means a plan for carrying out any activity (other than the making of a payment) provided for in a countryside stewardship agreement;

“ native breeds at risk ” means breeds of livestock that appears on the United Kingdom Native Breeds At Risk list published on www.gov.uk;

“ overwintered stubble ” means the remains of a cereal, oilseed rape, field bean or linseed crop after harvesting, retained through the winter into the following year;

“ pasture pump ” means a low-lift, animal-operated water pump;

“ ram pump ” means a water-powered pump;

“ reedbed ” means an area of marshy ground on which the vegetation consists primarily of reeds;

“ rhine ” means a type of channel;

“ rotational land ” means land which will successively bear different crops as the rotation progresses including grass and clover in the fertility-building phase of the rotation;

“ rough grazing ” means grazing on permanent grassland on which the vegetation is predominantly natural owing to the difficult terrain or other physical constraint;

“ scrape ” means a shallow excavation which may hold water seasonally;

“sediment pond” and “ sediment trap ” means an area of still water that allows sediment to settle out from the water;

“ seepage barrier ” means a barrier that slows the movement of water;

“severely disadvantaged area” or “ SDA ” means any area of land shown coloured pink on the England LFA Maps;

“ silt filtration dam ” means a barrier that slows the movement of water in ditches;

“ skylark plot ” means an unsown, sparsely vegetated area of land in a field sown with cereals;

“ successional ” means containing a range of habitat structures appropriate to the specific target species;

“ swale ” means a grassed channel or waterway that collects and controls surface water or lightly contaminated water;

“ sward ” means an area of predominantly grass;

“ traditional farm building ” means a building or part of a building constructed for a use associated with agriculture—

“ tramlines ” means machinery wheel tracks deliberately positioned in sown crops to help ensure field operations align to a common working width;

“ veteran tree ” means any tree that shows features of—

“ water meadow ” means a meadow which is periodically inundated with water through a system of sluices and carriers.

PART 2 MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

PART 3 CAPITAL ACTIVITIES