(1)It shall be the duty of OFCOM to set, and from time to time to review and revise, such standards for the content of programmes to be included in television and radio services as appear to them best calculated to secure the standards objectives.
(2)The standards objectives are—
(a)that persons under the age of eighteen are protected;
(b)that material likely to encourage or to incite the commission of crime or to lead to disorder is not included in television and radio services;
(c)that news included in television and radio services is presented with due impartiality and that the impartiality requirements of section 320 are complied with;
(d)that news included in television and radio services is reported with due accuracy;
(e)that the proper degree of responsibility is exercised with respect to the content of programmes which are religious programmes;
(f)that generally accepted standards are applied to the contents of television and radio services so as to provide adequate protection for members of the public from the inclusion in such services of offensive and harmful material;
[F947 (fa)that the product placement requirements referred to in section 321(3A) are met in relation to programmes included in a television programme service (other than advertisements);F947]
(g)that advertising that contravenes the prohibition on political advertising set out in section 321(2) is not included in television or radio services;
(h)that the inclusion of advertising which may be misleading, harmful or offensive in television and radio services is prevented;
[F948 (ha)that the requirements of any EU directives, as they had effect immediately before IP completion day, with respect to advertising included in television and radio services are complied with;F948]
(i)that the international obligations of the United Kingdom with respect to advertising included in television and radio services are complied with;
(j)that the unsuitable sponsorship of programmes included in television and radio services is prevented;
(k)that there is no undue discrimination between advertisers who seek to have advertisements included in television and radio services; and
(l)that there is no use of techniques which exploit the possibility of conveying a message to viewers or listeners, or of otherwise influencing their minds, without their being aware, or fully aware, of what has occurred.
(3)The standards set by OFCOM under this section must be contained in one or more codes.
(4)In setting or revising any standards under this section, OFCOM must have regard, in particular and to such extent as appears to them to be relevant to the securing of the standards objectives, to each of the following matters—
(a)the degree of harm or offence likely to be caused by the inclusion of any particular sort of material in programmes generally, or in programmes of a particular description;
(b)the likely size and composition of the potential audience for programmes included in television and radio services generally, or in television and radio services of a particular description;
(c)the likely expectation of the audience as to the nature of a programme’s content and the extent to which the nature of a programme’s content can be brought to the attention of potential members of the audience;
(d)the likelihood of persons who are unaware of the nature of a programme’s content being unintentionally exposed, by their own actions, to that content;
(e)the desirability of securing that the content of services identifies when there is a change affecting the nature of a service that is being watched or listened to and, in particular, a change that is relevant to the application of the standards set under this section; and
(f)the desirability of maintaining the independence of editorial control over programme content.
(5)OFCOM must ensure that the standards from time to time in force under this section include—
(a)minimum standards applicable to all programmes included in television and radio services; and
(b)such other standards applicable to particular descriptions of programmes, or of television and radio services, as appear to them appropriate for securing the standards objectives.
(6)Standards set to secure the standards objective specified in subsection (2)(e) shall, in particular, contain provision designed to secure that religious programmes do not involve—
(a)any improper exploitation of any susceptibilities of the audience for such a programme; or
(b)any abusive treatment of the religious views and beliefs of those belonging to a particular religion or religious denomination.
(7)In setting standards under this section, OFCOM must take account of such of the international obligations of the United Kingdom as the Secretary of State may notify to them for the purposes of this section.
(8) In this section “news” means news in whatever form it is included in a service.
[F949 (9)[F950 Subject to [F951 subsections (10) to (12)F951] ,F950] Subsection (2)(fa) applies only in relation to programmes the production of which begins after 19th December 2009.F949]
[F952 (10)So far as relating to product placement falling within paragraph 4(ba) of Schedule 11A (electronic cigarettes and electronic cigarette refill containers), subsection (2)(fa) applies only in relation to programmes the production of which begins after 19th May 2016.F952]
[F953 (11)So far as relating to product placement falling within paragraph 4(bb) of Schedule 11A (undertakings whose principal activity is the manufacture or sale of electronic cigarettes or electronic cigarette refill containers), subsection (2)(fa) applies only in relation to programmes the production of which begins after 31 October 2020.
(12)Subsection (2)(fa) applies in relation to a programme the production of which began before 1 November 2020 as if, in Schedule 11A (which contains the product placement requirements referred to in section 321(3A))—
(a)paragraph 3(1)(b) to (d) were omitted,
(b) in paragraph 6(1) there were inserted, as paragraph (a): “the programme is a religious, consumer affairs or current affairs programme;”, and
(c)paragraph 7 included a condition that the programme in which the product, service or trademark, or the reference to it, is included is—
(i)a film made for cinema,
(ii)a film or series made for a television programme service or for an on-demand programme service,
(iii)a sports programme, or
671.Subsection (1) places OFCOM under a duty to set standards for the content of television and radio services, which shall be contained in a code or codes.
672.These codes must secure the objectives set out in subsection (2). Those objectives relate to the protection of minors; the prohibition of material likely to encourage crime or disorder; the impartiality of television and radio services; the accuracy of the news; the content of religious programmes; the protection of the public from offensive and harmful material; the exclusion of advertising which contravenes the ban on political advertising set out in section 321(2); the prevention of misleading, harmful or offensive advertising and unsuitable sponsorship; compliance with the United Kingdom’s international obligations with respect to advertsing; the prevention of undue discrimination between advertisers; and the prohibition of broadcasts of subliminal material.
673.A particular standards objective relates to responsible religious broadcasting. Subsection (6) expands upon this to safeguard against the improper exploitation of any susceptibilities of the audience or the abusive treatment of the religious views and beliefs of those belonging to a particular religion or denomination.
674.Subsection (5) makes clear that, while minimum standards will be of general application, OFCOM are also under a duty to set standards for particular types of programme or service (for example, children’s programmes) where OFCOM consider that such standards are appropriate to achieve the objectives contained in subsection (2).
675.In setting the standards, OFCOM are under a duty to have regard to the factors set out in subsection (4) so far as they are relevant. These concern the degree of harm or offence likely to be caused by the content of programmes; the probable size and composition of the audience; the expectation of the audience as to the nature of a programme’s content and the extent to which it can be brought to their attention; the danger of accidental exposure of a person to content, the nature of which they were unaware; the desirability of indicating when there is a change affecting the nature of the service being watched or listened to; and the desirability of maintaining independent editorial control over the content of a programme.
676.Paragraph 43 of Schedule 18 provides that any code drawn up under section 6, 7, 9, 90, 91 or 93 of the Broadcasting Act 1990 or section 108 of the Broadcasting Act 1996 shall have effect as if it were a code issued by OFCOM for the purpose of this section. However, codes drawn up under the Broadcasting Act 1990 shall only apply to services authorised by licences under that Act and, in the case of codes under section 6, 7 and 9 of that Act, S4C. As regards codes drawn up under section 108 of the Broadcasting Act 1996, these will only have effect for services provided by the BBC or the Welsh Authority and then only to the extent that the codes contain provisions applying to those services and, in the case of the Welsh Authority, which relate to matters other than advertising and impartiality.