Data Protection Act 2018, section 115

General functions under the UK GDPR and safeguards

PART 5 The Information Commission

F422(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2)General functions are conferred on the [F423CommissionF423] by—

(a)Article 57 of the [F424UK GDPRF424] (tasks), and

(b)Article 58 of the [F425UK GDPRF425] (powers),

(and see also [F426sections 28(5), 120A and 120BF426] ).

(3)The [F427Commission'sF427] functions in relation to the processing of personal data to which the [F428UK GDPRF428] applies include—

(a)a duty to advise Parliament, the government and other institutions and bodies on legislative and administrative measures relating to the protection of individuals' rights and freedoms with regard to the processing of personal data, and

(b)a power to issue, on the [F427Commission'sF427] own initiative or on request, opinions to Parliament, the government or other institutions and bodies as well as to the public on any issue related to the protection of personal data.

(4)The [F427Commission'sF427] functions under Article 58 of the [F429UK GDPRF429] are subject to the safeguards in subsections (5) to (9).

(5)The [F427Commission'sF427] power under Article 58(1)(a) of the [F430UK GDPRF430] (power to require a controller or processor to provide information that the [F427CommissionF427] requires for the performance of the [F427Commission'sF427] tasks under the [F430UK GDPRF430] ) is exercisable only by giving an information notice under section 142.

(6)The [F427Commission'sF427] power under Article 58(1)(b) of the [F431UK GDPRF431] (power to carry out data protection audits) is exercisable only in accordance with section 146.

(7)The [F427Commission'sF427] powers under Article 58(1)(e) and (f) of the [F432UK GDPRF432] (power to obtain information from controllers and processors and access to their premises) are exercisable only—

(a)in accordance with Schedule 15 (see section 154), or

(b)to the extent that they are exercised in conjunction with the power under Article 58(1)(b) of the [F432UK GDPRF432] , in accordance with section 146.

(8)The following powers are exercisable only by giving an enforcement notice under section 149—

(a)the [F427Commission'sF427] powers under Article 58(2)(c) to (g) and (j) of the [F433UK GDPRF433] (certain corrective powers);

(b)the [F427Commission'sF427] powers under Article 58(2)(h) to order a certification body to withdraw, or not to issue, a certification under Articles 42 and 43 of the [F434UK GDPRF434] .

(9)The [F427Commission'sF427] powers under Articles 58(2)(i) and 83 of the [F435UK GDPRF435] (administrative fines) are exercisable only by giving a penalty notice under section 155.

(10)This section is without prejudice to other functions conferred on the [F427CommissionF427] , whether by the [F436UK GDPRF436] , this Act or otherwise.

Cases considering section 115 3

Doorstep Dispensaree Limited v The Information Commissioner

[2024] EWCA Civ 1515 · 9 December 2024

Confirms the Commissioner’s general functions, including the tasks specified in Article 57 of the UK GDPR. Those functions informed the Court’s conclusion that regulatory expertise may sometimes be relevant at the penalty stage. (see paras [24], [54]-[58])

Ben Peter Delo, R (on the application of) v The Information Commissioner

[2023] EWCA Civ 1141 · 10 October 2023Limits

Limits: the Commissioner’s advisory and educational functions and formal enforcement powers sit alongside complaint handling and do not imply a court-like merits jurisdiction. (see paras [54]; [71]; [76]-[78]) Procedural: an Information Notice made under Article 58(1)(a) is appealable to the Information Tribunal. (see para [71]) Procedural: the Article 58(1)(e) access power is subject to detailed statutory regulation. (see para [71])

Ben Peter Delo, R (on the application of) v The Information Commissioner & Anor

[2022] EWHC 3046 (Admin) · 2 December 2022

Confirms that the Commissioner is the United Kingdom supervisory authority for the GDPR. Confirms that the Commissioner’s general functions derive from Articles 57 and 58 of the UK GDPR, subject to the statutory duty in section 2. Confirms Parliament’s emphasis on the Commissioner’s advisory and educational functions, supporting the conclusion that complaint handling forms part of a broader regulatory package.

What each judgment says about section 115 is in the case-law panel in the full Act.

Amendments and notes

17 notes from legislation.gov.uk

Amendments

  1. F421Words in s. 115 heading substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(2) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  2. F422S. 115(1) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(3) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  3. F423Word in s. 115(2) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
  4. F424Words in s. 115(2)(a) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(4)(a) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  5. F425Words in s. 115(2)(b) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(4)(a) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  6. F426Words in s. 115(2) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 23(5); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
  7. F427Word in s. 115(3)-(10) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
  8. F428Words in s. 115(3) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(5) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  9. F429Words in s. 115(4) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(5) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  10. F430Words in s. 115(5) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(6) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  11. F431Words in s. 115(6) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(7) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  12. F432Words in s. 115(7) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(8) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  13. F433Words in s. 115(8)(a) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(9) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  14. F434Words in s. 115(8)(b) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(9) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  15. F435Words in s. 115(9) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(10) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
  16. F436Words in s. 115(10) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 47(10) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Commencement

  1. I116S. 115 in force at 25.5.2018 by S.I. 2018/625, reg. 2(1)(e)