Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, section 13

Meaning of “journalistic material”

Part II Powers of Entry, Search and Seizure

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, in this Act “journalistic material” means material acquired or created for the purposes of journalism.

(2)Material is only journalistic material for the purposes of this Act if it is in the possession of a person who acquired or created it for the purposes of journalism.

(3)A person who receives material from someone who intends that the recipient shall use it for the purposes of journalism is to be taken to have acquired it for those purposes.

Cases considering section 13 7

Miranda, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department & Ors

[2016] EWCA Civ 6 · 19 January 2016Defines

The Court used the statutory definition of journalistic material as material acquired or created for the purposes of journalism when assessing proportionality. (see paras [61]; [86])

WFZ v The BBC

[2024] EWHC 376 (KB) · 19 February 2024Defines

Uses the statutory definition of journalistic material to conclude that the witness statement contained material engaging the legal protections for journalism, despite having been prepared for civil litigation (see paras [27]; [32]-[40]).

LXP, R (on the application of) v Central Criminal Court

[2023] EWHC 2824 (Admin) · 10 November 2023Interprets

Interprets journalistic material by reference to material acquired or created for the purposes of journalism and held by the person who acquired or created it for those purposes. The court rejects adding a qualification that stolen material cannot be journalistic (see paras [34]; [45]; [48]).

What each judgment says about section 13 is in the case-law panel in the full Act.

Amendments and notes

3 notes from legislation.gov.uk

Modifications

  1. C55Ss. 10-14 applied (with modifications) (30.4.2017) by The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Application to Labour Abuse Prevention Officers) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/520), regs. 1, 2, 3(w), Sch.
  2. C56Ss. 10-14 applied in part (with modifications) (1.4.2026) by Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025 (c. 28), ss. 7, 109(1), Sch. 1 (with ss. 72, 105); S.I. 2026/371, reg. 2(a)
  3. C57Ss. 10-14 applied in part (with modifications) (7.4.2026) by The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Application to Enforcement Officers) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/303), regs. 1(1), 3, 4(w), Sch. paras. 1-10