Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, section 414

Property

Part 8 Investigations

(1)Property is all property wherever situated and includes—

(a)money;

(b)all forms of property, real or personal, heritable or moveable;

(c)things in action and other intangible or incorporeal property.

(2) “Recoverable property” and “associated property” have the same meanings as in Part 5.

(3)The following rules apply in relation to property—

[F1670 (za)property is held by a person if he holds an interest in it;F1670]

(a)property is obtained by a person if he obtains an interest in it;

(b)references to an interest, in relation to land in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, are to any legal estate or equitable interest or power;

(c)references to an interest, in relation to land in Scotland, are to any estate, interest, servitude or other heritable right in or over land, including a heritable security;

(d)references to an interest, in relation to property other than land, include references to a right (including a right to possession).

Definitions used in section 414 1

land

(6E) In sub-paragraph (6B) “land” includes part of a building and part of any other structure.

Defined in Sch.9 para.1(6E) · see it in the full Act

Cases considering section 414 3

National Crime Agency v Baker & Ors

[2020] EWHC 822 (Admin) · 8 April 2020Defines

The court used section 414 to identify the meaning of property and the interest by which property is held or obtained. (see paras [30]; [38]) The court treated property as obtained where the person obtained an interest in it. (see para [38]) The relevant interest included any legal estate, equitable interest or power. (see para [30]) Property was treated as held where the person held an interest in it. (see para [30])

National Crime Agency v Hussain & Ors

[2020] EWHC 432 (Admin) · 28 February 2020Defines

Defines obtaining property by reference to obtaining an interest in it. The court applied that definition, together with the definition of interest in land, to the Income Requirement. (see paras [27], [42]-[43]) Defines an interest in property by reference to legal estates, equitable interests and powers. The court used the definition to explain holding and obtaining property for UWO purposes. (see paras [27], [42])

Serious Organised Crime Agency v Perry & Ors

[2009] EWHC 1960 (Admin) · 30 July 2009Interprets

The definition of property as property wherever situated supported the conclusion that the statutory scheme was not confined by territorial limits. (see paras [64], [67])

What each judgment says about section 414 is in the case-law panel in the full Act.

Amendments and notes

2 notes from legislation.gov.uk

Amendments

  1. F1670S. 414(3)(za) inserted (27.4.2017 for specified purposes, 31.1.2018 for E.W.S. in so far as not already in force, 28.6.2021 for N.I. in so far as not already in force) by Criminal Finances Act 2017 (c. 22), s. 58(5)(6), Sch. 5 para. 75; S.I. 2018/78, reg. 5(1)(e); S.I. 2021/724, reg. 4(i)

Commencement

  1. I369S. 414 in force at 24.2.2003 by S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)