Equality Act 2010, Schedule 18, paragraph 3

Judicial functions, etc

SCHEDULE 18 Public sector equality duty: exceptions

3 (1) Section 149 does not apply to the exercise of—

(a) a judicial function;

(b) a function exercised on behalf of, or on the instructions of, a person exercising a judicial function.

(2) The references to a judicial function include a reference to a judicial function conferred on a person other than a court or tribunal.

Cases considering Schedule 18, paragraph 3 6

Swan Housing Association Ltd v Gill

[2013] EWCA Civ 1566 · 9 December 2013Disapplies

The court applied paragraph 3 of Schedule 18 to hold that section 149 did not apply to the court’s judicial function. (see para [37])

Cerys Ashley v Benedict Cela Musa

[2025] EWHC 1751 (Ch) · 4 June 2025Disapplies

Paragraph 3(1) was treated as excluding judicial functions from section 149. The court adopted the rationale that judicial decision-making must apply the law even-handedly rather than according to a general equality duty (see paras [27]-[36]).

Howard, R (on the application of) v The Official Receiver

[2013] EWHC 1839 (Admin) · 28 June 2013Interprets

Interprets the judicial-function exception as excluding the section 149 duty from a decision by an Official Receiver which determines or restores competing legal rights and liabilities. (see paras [92]; [164]-[206]) Confirms that the judicial-function exception extends to a judicial function conferred on a person other than a court or tribunal. The provision therefore applied to the Official Receiver’s statutory function. (see paras [92]; [164]; [175])

What each judgment says about Schedule 18, paragraph 3 is in the case-law panel in the full Act.