[2025] EWCA Civ 40 · 23 January 2025
The court applies section 90A as requiring reliance to be established as an essential element of the securities claims. Its fraud-based and reliance requirements help control speculative or unmeritorious litigation, so the court must retain power to test reliance during case management. (see paras [83]-[87]; [128]-[130]; [142]-[143])
[2026] EWHC 1622 (KB) · 30 June 2026
Identifies the elements requiring determination, including standing, misleading or omitted information, PDMR knowledge, reasonable reliance and causation and loss. The statutory elements informed the allocation of issues between Trial One and Trial Two. (see paras [1], [7], [12], [56])